Spring Cloud OpenFeign 是声明式的服务调用工具,它整合了Ribbon和Hystrix,拥有负载均衡和服务容错功能,本文将对其用法进行详细介绍。
Feign是声明式的服务调用工具,我们只需创建一个接口并用注解的方式来配置它,就可以实现对某个服务接口的调用,简化了直接使用RestTemplate来调用服务接口的开发量。Feign具备可插拔的注解支持,同时支持Feign注解、JAX-RS注解及SpringMvc注解。当使用Feign时,Spring Cloud集成了Ribbon和Eureka以提供负载均衡的服务调用及基于Hystrix的服务容错保护功能。
这里我们创建一个feign-service模块来演示feign的常用功能。
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> 复制代码
server: port: 8701 spring: application: name: feign-service eureka: client: register-with-eureka: true fetch-registry: true service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:8001/eureka/ 复制代码
@EnableFeignClients @EnableDiscoveryClient @SpringBootApplication public class FeignServiceApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(FeignServiceApplication.class, args); } } 复制代码
我们通过@FeignClient注解实现了一个Feign客户端,其中的value为user-service表示这是对user-service服务的接口调用客户端。我们可以回想下user-service中的UserController,只需将其改为接口,保留原来的SpringMvc注释即可。
/** * Created by macro on 2019/9/5. */ @FeignClient(value = "user-service") public interface UserService { @PostMapping("/user/create") CommonResult create(@RequestBody User user); @GetMapping("/user/{id}") CommonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Long id); @GetMapping("/user/getByUsername") CommonResult<User> getByUsername(@RequestParam String username); @PostMapping("/user/update") CommonResult update(@RequestBody User user); @PostMapping("/user/delete/{id}") CommonResult delete(@PathVariable Long id); } 复制代码
/** * Created by macro on 2019/8/29. */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserFeignController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @GetMapping("/{id}") public CommonResult getUser(@PathVariable Long id) { return userService.getUser(id); } @GetMapping("/getByUsername") public CommonResult getByUsername(@RequestParam String username) { return userService.getByUsername(username); } @PostMapping("/create") public CommonResult create(@RequestBody User user) { return userService.create(user); } @PostMapping("/update") public CommonResult update(@RequestBody User user) { return userService.update(user); } @PostMapping("/delete/{id}") public CommonResult delete(@PathVariable Long id) { return userService.delete(id); } } 复制代码
2019-10-04 15:15:34.829 INFO 9236 --- [nio-8201-exec-5] c.macro.cloud.controller.UserController : 根据id获取用户信息,用户名称为:macro 2019-10-04 15:15:35.492 INFO 9236 --- [io-8201-exec-10] c.macro.cloud.controller.UserController : 根据id获取用户信息,用户名称为:macro 2019-10-04 15:15:35.825 INFO 9236 --- [nio-8201-exec-9] c.macro.cloud.controller.UserController : 根据id获取用户信息,用户名称为:macro 复制代码
Feign中的服务降级使用起来非常方便,只需要为Feign客户端定义的接口添加一个服务降级处理的实现类即可,下面我们为UserService接口添加一个服务降级实现类。
需要注意的是它实现了UserService接口,并且对接口中的每个实现方法进行了服务降级逻辑的实现。
/** * Created by macro on 2019/9/5. */ @Component public class UserFallbackService implements UserService { @Override public CommonResult create(User user) { User defaultUser = new User(-1L, "defaultUser", "123456"); return new CommonResult<>(defaultUser); } @Override public CommonResult<User> getUser(Long id) { User defaultUser = new User(-1L, "defaultUser", "123456"); return new CommonResult<>(defaultUser); } @Override public CommonResult<User> getByUsername(String username) { User defaultUser = new User(-1L, "defaultUser", "123456"); return new CommonResult<>(defaultUser); } @Override public CommonResult update(User user) { return new CommonResult("调用失败,服务被降级",500); } @Override public CommonResult delete(Long id) { return new CommonResult("调用失败,服务被降级",500); } } 复制代码
修改@FeignClient注解中的参数,设置fallback为UserFallbackService.class即可。
@FeignClient(value = "user-service",fallback = UserFallbackService.class) public interface UserService { } 复制代码
feign: hystrix: enabled: true #在Feign中开启Hystrix 复制代码
关闭两个user-service服务,重新启动feign-service;
调用 http://localhost:8701/user/1 进行测试,可以发现返回了服务降级信息。
Feign提供了日志打印功能,我们可以通过配置来调整日志级别,从而了解Feign中Http请求的细节。
我们通过java配置来使Feign打印最详细的Http请求日志信息。
/** * Created by macro on 2019/9/5. */ @Configuration public class FeignConfig { @Bean Logger.Level feignLoggerLevel() { return Logger.Level.FULL; } } 复制代码
配置UserService的日志级别为debug。
logging: level: com.macro.cloud.service.UserService: debug 复制代码
调用 http://localhost:8701/user/1 进行测试,可以看到以下日志。
2019-10-04 15:44:03.248 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] ---> GET http://user-service/user/1 HTTP/1.1 2019-10-04 15:44:03.248 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] ---> END HTTP (0-byte body) 2019-10-04 15:44:03.257 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] <--- HTTP/1.1 200 (9ms) 2019-10-04 15:44:03.257 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] content-type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 2019-10-04 15:44:03.258 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] date: Fri, 04 Oct 2019 07:44:03 GMT 2019-10-04 15:44:03.258 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] transfer-encoding: chunked 2019-10-04 15:44:03.258 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] 2019-10-04 15:44:03.258 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] {"data":{"id":1,"username":"macro","password":"123456"},"message":"操作成功","code":200} 2019-10-04 15:44:03.258 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] <--- END HTTP (92-byte body) 复制代码
feign: hystrix: enabled: true #在Feign中开启Hystrix compression: request: enabled: false #是否对请求进行GZIP压缩 mime-types: text/xml,application/xml,application/json #指定压缩的请求数据类型 min-request-size: 2048 #超过该大小的请求会被压缩 response: enabled: false #是否对响应进行GZIP压缩 logging: level: #修改日志级别 com.macro.cloud.service.UserService: debug 复制代码
在Feign中配置Ribbon可以直接使用Ribbon的配置,具体可以参考 Spring Cloud Ribbon:负载均衡的服务调用 。
在Feign中配置Hystrix可以直接使用Hystrix的配置,具体可以参考 Spring Cloud Hystrix:服务容错保护 。
springcloud-learning ├── eureka-server -- eureka注册中心 ├── user-service -- 提供User对象CRUD接口的服务 └── feign-service -- feign服务调用测试服务 复制代码