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上面的经文总是让我容易冷静下来,可是java中的null总是让我有点不知所措,下面让我们看看吧!
我们先看几段代码吧
1.例一:null的对象性
public class NullTest { public static void greet() { System.out.println("Hello world!"); } public static void main(String[] args) { ((NullTest) null).greet(); } }
上面的程序看起来似乎应该抛出NullPointerExceptioin 异常,因为其main 方法
是在常量null 上调用greet 方法,而你是不可以在null 上调用方法的,对吗?
其实编译和运行都没有问题。运行结果为:
Hello world!
2.例二:null的初始化
public static void main(String[] args) { String str=null; Integer in=null; Double dou=null; String str1=(String)null; Integer in1=(Integer)null; Double dou1=(Double)null; int in2=null; int in3=(int)null; }
发现null可以初始化引用类型,也可以转换为任意的引用类型。但不能给基本类型赋值,或者转换为基本类型。
3.例三:null的相等性
public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(null==null); System.out.println(null!=null); System.out.println(Double.NaN==Double.NaN); System.out.println(Double.NaN!=Double.NaN); }
结果该是什么呢?
true
false
false
true
4.例四:null不是引用类型
public static void main(String[] args) { Integer in=null; if(in instanceof Integer) { System.out.println("null is integer"); }else { System.out.println("null is not integer"); } }
你猜会打印出什么?
结果是:
null is not integer
5.例5:不可传递
public static void main(String[] args) { Integer i=null; int k=i; System.out.println(k); }
报错:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
NullTest.main(NullTest.java:6)
6.例6:null的数组
public static void main(String[] args) { String[] arr1={"abc","123",null,"sky"}; boolean flag=false; for (String s1 : arr1) { if(s1.equals("sky")) { flag=true; break; } } System.out.println(flag); }
运行时报错
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at NullTest.main(NullTest.java:8)
修改成:
public static void main(String[] args) { String[] arr1={"abc","123",null,"sky"}; boolean flag=false; for (String s1 : arr1) { if(s1.equals("sky")) { flag=true; break; } } System.out.println(flag); }
就没有问题了。
追根到底
JSL3.10.7定义了null
The null type has one value, the null reference, represented by the null literal null, which is formed from ASCII characters.
JSL4.1做了补充:
1.There is also a special null type, the type of the expression null (§3.10.7, §15.8.1), which has no name.
Because the null type has no name, it is impossible to declare a variable of the null type or to cast to the null type.
2. The null reference is the only possible value of an expression of null type.
3.The null reference can always be assigned or cast to any reference type (§5.2, §5.3, §5.5).
4.In practice, the programmer can ignore the null type and just pretend that null is merely a special literal that can be of any reference type.
参考资料
【1】https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%89%B2%E5%8D%B3%E6%98%AF%E7%A9%BA/6210?fr=aladdin
【2】https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se12/html/jls-4.html#jls-4.1
【3】https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se12/html/jls-3.html#jls-3.10.7
【4】java解惑