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微服务查询语言 - restQL 初识

微服务查询语言 - restQL 初识

原创作者:李贞

restQL is a microservice query language that makes easy to fetch information from multiple services in the most efficient manner.  http://restql.b2w.io/

介 绍

restQL的设计是用来简化客户端查询,特别是在微服务时代,对于一个复杂的页面,可能需要调用多个服务的接口,获得数据渲染页面。这对于客户端来说,这有着极大的消耗。而 restQL较好的解决的这个问题,并且使用restQL对原来API server无需改动。

restQL支持以下几种查询方式。

并行调用(Parallel calls)

他们所产生的查询,是并发进行的,等待所有的处理完成后将直接返回。

from hero

with

    name = "Restman"



from villain

with

    name = "SOAPLord"

链式调用(Chained invocations)

第二个查询依赖第一个查询的结果,所以需要等待第一个查询结束后,才会调用第二个查询,最终返回结果。

from hero

with

    name = "Restman"



from sidekick

with

    hero = hero.id

Multiplexed invocations

这个同样是第一个查询依赖第二个查询,但是第一个查询出来的是一个array,并对于array中的每个元素,调用第二个查询,处理完成后返回。

from search

with

    role = "hero"



from hero as heroes

with

    name = search.results.name

详细介绍见: http://restql.b2w.io/

安 装

restQL依赖一个restQL-http对外提供服务,由restQL-http解析restQL的查询语言并且调用资源服务(API server)

下载restQL-http到任意目录,并且解压,这里安装的是:

## 下载

curl -O https://github.com/B2W-BIT/restQL-http/releases/download/v3.5.5/restql-http-v3.5.5.zip

解压

unzip -d restql-http restql-http-v3.5.4.zip

运行

cd restql-http

planets=https://swapi.co/api/planets/:id ./bin/run.sh

入 门

对于入门最好的方式,莫过于官方文档了( http://docs.restql.b2w.io/#/restql/getting-started )。

官网是以swapi.co的API作为测试,这里也将使用这个服务作为简单的入门使用。如果需要配置更高级的使用方式( http://docs.restql.b2w.io/#/restql/config )。

运行

cd restql-http

planets=https://swapi.co/api/planets/:id ./bin/run.sh

启动成功后,将会默认监听9000端口, http://localhost:9000 ,也可以通过设置环境变量的方式,使其端口改变。

export PORT=1456

planets=https://swapi.co/api/planets/:id ./bin/run.sh

restQL提供的接口路径是 : http://localhost:9000/run-query

可以通过curl方式调用服务,检查是否启动正常

curl -d "from planets as allPlanets" -H "Content-Type: text/plain" localhost:9000/run-query

正常情况下将会得到类似以下的输出

{

"allPlanets": {

    "details": {

        "success": true,

        "status": 200,

        "metadata": {}

    },

    "result": ...

}

}

查询一条数据

restQL 查询语句

from planets

with id = 1

调用接口,这里推荐使用Postman、Insomnia等工具测试

curl -d "from planets with id = 1" -H "Content-Type: text/plain" localhost:9000/run-query

将会得到以下数据

{

"planets": {

    "details": {

        "success": true,

        "status": 200,

        "metadata": {}

    },

    "result": {

        "surface_water": "1",

        "climate": "arid",

        "residents": [

            ...

        ],

        "orbital_period": "304",

        "name": "Tatooine",

        "diameter": "10465",

        "created": "2014-12-09T13:50:49.641000Z",

        "gravity": "1 standard",

        "edited": "2014-12-21T20:48:04.175778Z",

        "films": [

            ...

        ],

        "population": "200000",

        "terrain": "desert",

        "url": "https://swapi.co/api/planets/1/",

        "rotation_period": "23"

    }

}

}

查询语言

语法

查询语句的顺序,对于 restQL 异常的重要

[ [ use modifier = value ] ]



METHOD resource-name [as some-alias] [in some-resource]

[ headers HEADERS ]

[ timeout INTEGER_VALUE ]

[ with WITH_CLAUSES ]

[ [only FILTERS] OR [hidden] ]

[ [ignore-errors] ]

Methods

restQL 提供了HTTP常用的几个 methods (GET,POST,PUT, PATCH, DELETE)

from - HTTP GET



to - HTTP POST



into - HTTP PUT



update - HTTP PATCH



delete - HTTP DELETE

from

planets = https://swapi.co/api/planets/:id

restQL 语句

from planets

with

    name = "Restman"

    id = 1

将会映射到以下调用

GET https://swapi.co/api/planets/1?name=Restman

to

planets = https://swapi.co/api/planets

restQL 语句

to planets

with

    name = "Restman"

将会映射到以下调用

POST https://swapi.co/api/planets

BODY {"name": "Restman"

}

into

planets = https://swapi.co/api/planets/:id

restQL 语句

into planets

with

    id = 1

    name = "xxxx"

将会映射到以下调用

PUT https://swapi.co/api/planets/1

BODY {"name": "xxxx"

}

update

planets = https://swapi.co/api/planets/:id

restQL 语句

update planets

with

    id = 1

    name = "abc"

将会映射到以下调用

PATCH https://swapi.co/api/planets/1

BODY {"name": "abc"

}

delete

planets = https://swapi.co/api/planets/:id

restQL 语句

delete planets

with

    id = 1

将会映射到以下调用

DELETE https://swapi.co/api/planets/1?name=Restman

实 践

这里将以  https://api.spacexdata.com/ 作为数据服务,接下来的所有数据,都是由它来提供。( https://docs.spacexdata.com/?version=latest )

restQL 支持多种资源映射方式,可以通过环境变量,也可以通过restql.yml的方式亦或者通过restQL-manager( http://docs.restql.b2w.io/#/restql/manager )前面演示了通过环境变量的方式,这里将通过restql.yml,在restql-http目录创建restql.yml文件。

restql.yml

mappings:

launches: "https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/launches"

执行

./bin/run.sh

启动成功后,将可以看到类似这样的输出

2019-11-08 14:46:03,239 INFO restql.http.plugin.core [main] No plugins to load

2019-11-08 14:46:03,244 INFO restql.http.server.core [main] Server starting with {:port 1456, :executor-utilization 0.5, :executor-max-threads 512, :executor-control-period 1000}

2019-11-08 14:46:03,465 INFO restql.http.server.core [main] Server started!

简单查询

restql 语句

from launches

查询结果

{

"launches": {

    "details": {

        "success": true,

        "status": 200,

        "metadata": {}

    },

    "result": [...]

}

}

如果想要查询 2017-06-22 到 2017-06-25 之间的数据,只需要给查询语句加上 with

from launches

with

    start = "2017-06-22"

    end = "2017-06-25"

其他参数也按照这种方式。如果需要指定的获取某一条数据,调用的接口是

https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/launches/{{flight_number

}}

可以添加一条资源映射规则写入到restql.yml,

mappings:

launches: "https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/launches"

oneLaunches: "https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/launches/:flight_number"

例如查询的是 42

from oneLaunches

with

    flight_number = 42

响应结果

{

"oneLaunches": {

    "details": {

        "success": true,

        "status": 200,

        "metadata": {}

    },

    "result": {

        ...

        "flight_number": 42,

        ...

    }

}

}

过滤器(Filter)

restQL还支持一个filter特性,可以指定某个资源获取的数据,这样可以减少payload大小,对于移动客户端优化非常重要。

这里以 launches 作为演示。

from launches

with

    start = "2017-06-22"

    end = "2017-06-25"

only

    mission_name,

    flight_number,

    launch_site.site_id,

    ships,

    rocket.first_stage.cores.land_success

响应结果

{

"launches": {

    "details": {

        "success": true,

        "status": 200,

        "metadata": {}

    },

    "result": [

        {

            "mission_name": "BulgariaSat-1",

            "flight_number": 42,

            "launch_site": {

                "site_id": "ksc_lc_39a"

            },

            "ships": [

                "ELSBETH3",

                "GOQUEST",

                "GOSEARCHER",

                "OCISLY"

            ],

            "rocket": {

                "first_stage": {

                    "cores": [

                        {

                            "land_success": true

                        }

                    ]

                }

            }

        }

    ]

}

}

并行查询

并行调用,正是restQL需要处理的问题,能够有效减少客户端和服务器的连接数,对于微服务架构而言,可能一个页面所呈现需要的数个服务来提供。这就意味着需要创建数个连接获取资源,这对于客户端来讲,是非常糟糕的。

这里添加一个新的资源映射地址,作为一个测试

mappings:

launches: "https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/launches"

oneLaunches: "https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/launches/:flight_number"

oneHistory: "https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/history/:id"
from launches

with

    start = "2017-06-22"

    end = "2017-06-25"

only

    mission_name,

    flight_number,

    launch_site.site_id,

    ships,

    rocket.first_stage.cores.land_success

from oneHistory

with

    id = 1
{

"launches": {

    "details": {

        "success": true,

        "status": 200,

        "metadata": {}

    },

    "result": [...]

},

"oneHistory": {

    "details": {

        "success": true,

        "status": 200,

        "metadata": {}

    },

    "result": {

        "event_date_unix": 1222643700,

        "title": "Falcon 1 Makes History",

        "details": "Falcon 1 becomes the first privately developed liquid fuel rocket to reach Earth orbit.",

        "id": 1,

        "event_date_utc": "2008-09-28T23:15:00Z",

        "flight_number": 4,

        "links": {

            "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcon_1",

            "article": "http://www.spacex.com/news/2013/02/11/flight-4-launch-update-0",

            "reddit": null

        }

    }

}

}

链式查询

链式调用也是restQL的一个亮点,也简单做一下演示

from oneHistory

with

    id = 1

from oneLaunches

with

    flight_number = oneHistory.flight_number

only

    mission_name,

    flight_number,

    launch_site.site_id,

    rocket.first_stage.cores.land_success

响应结果

{

"oneHistory": {

    "details": {

        "success": true,

        "status": 200,

        "metadata": {}

    },

    "result": {

        ...

        "flight_number": 4,

        ...

    }

},

"oneLaunches": {

    "details": {

        "success": true,

        "status": 200,

        "metadata": {}

    },

    "result": {

        "mission_name": "RatSat",

        "flight_number": 4,

        "launch_site": {

            "site_id": "kwajalein_atoll"

        },

        "rocket": {

            "first_stage": {

                "cores": [

                    {}

                ]

            }

        }

    }

}

}

这个的应用场景也是极为广泛的,特别在于页面信息极其复杂的情况下,在一次请求就可以获取到关联的数据。

多路调用

为了避免歧义,这里将添加一个新的映射地址,作为本次演示,编辑 restql.yaml文件

mappings:

launches: "https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/launches"

oneLaunches: "https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/launches/:flight_number"

history: "https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/history"

oneHistory: "https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/history/:id"
from history

with

    start = "2016-06-22"

    end = "2017-06-25"

only

    flight_number

from oneLaunches

with

    flight_number = history.flight_number

only

    mission_name,

    flight_number,

响应结果

{

"history": {

    "details": {

        "success": true,

        "status": 200,

        "metadata": {}

    },

    "result": [

        {

            "flight_number": 38

        },

        {

            "flight_number": 41

        }

    ]

},

"oneLaunches": {

    "details": [

        {

            "success": true,

            "status": 200,

            "metadata": {}

        },

        {

            "success": true,

            "status": 200,

            "metadata": {}

        }

    ],

    "result": [

        {

            "mission_name": "SES-10",

            "flight_number": 38

        },

        {

            "mission_name": "CRS-11",

            "flight_number": 41

        }

    ]

}

}

完 结

restQL 还有几个高级特性,详情请见官网

http://docs.restql.b2w.io/#/restql/manager

http://docs.restql.b2w.io/#/restql/saved-queries

http://docs.restql.b2w.io/#/restql/plugins

参考链接

http://restql.b2w.io/

https://medium.com/b2w-enginee ... 09b40

https://github.com/B2W-BIT/restQL-http

原文链接: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/4fF19jc4Dgs92Q67MwN-Lw

关于睿云智合

深圳睿云智合科技有限公司成立于2012年,总部位于深圳,并分别在成都、深圳设立了研发中心,北京、上海设立了分支机构,核心骨干人员全部为来自金融、科技行业知名企业资深业务专家、技术专家。早期专注于为中国金融保险等大型企业提供创新技术、电子商务、CRM等领域专业咨询服务。

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此外,凭借多年来在呼叫中心领域的业务经验与技术积累,睿云智合率先在业界推出基于开源软交换平台FreeSwitch的微服务架构多媒体数字化业务平台,将语音、视频、webchat、微信、微博等多种客户接触渠道集成,实现客户统一接入、精准识别、智能路由的CRM策略,并以容器化治理来支持平台的全应用生命周期管理,显著提升了数字化业务处理的灵活、高效、弹性、稳定等特性,为帮助传统企业向“以客户为中心”的数字化业务转型提供完美的一站式整体解决方案。

原文  http://dockone.io/article/9405
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