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JDK源码分析-CopyOnWriteArrayList

1. 概述

CopyOnWriteArrayList,从名字可以看出它跟 ArrayList 有点关系,可以理解为线程安全的 ArrayList。 它的类签名和继承结构 如下:

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">class</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">CopyOnWriteArrayList</span>&lt;E&gt;</span></span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">implements</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">List</span>&lt;E&gt;, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">RandomAccess</span>, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">Cloneable</span>, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">java</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">io</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">Serializable</span> {</span>}</span>

JDK源码分析-CopyOnWriteArrayList

它主要实现了 List 接口,也是一个集合类,下面分析其代码实现。

2. 代码分析

仍然先从构造器进行分析。

2.1 构造器

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">// 构造器一:无参构造器</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">CopyOnWriteArrayList</span>() {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> setArray(new <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">Object</span>[<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>]);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">// 构造器二:入参为集合类型</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">CopyOnWriteArrayList</span>(<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">Collection</span>&lt;? extends <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">E</span>&gt; <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">c</span>) {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">Object</span>[] elements;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">c</span>.getClass() == <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">CopyOnWriteArrayList</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">class</span>)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> elements = ((<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">CopyOnWriteArrayList</span>&lt;?&gt;)<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">c</span>).getArray();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">else</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> elements = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">c</span>.toArray();</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (elements.getClass() != <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">Object</span>[].<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">class</span>)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> elements = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">Arrays</span>.copyOf(elements, elements.length, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">Object</span>[].<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">class</span>);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> setArray(elements);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">// 构造器三:入参为数组</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">CopyOnWriteArrayList</span>(<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">E</span>[] toCopyIn) {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> setArray(<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">Arrays</span>.copyOf(toCopyIn, toCopyIn.length, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">Object</span>[].<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">class</span>));</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

它们都调用了 setArray 方法,如下:

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">// 存储元素的数组</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">private</span> transient <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">volatile</span> Object[] <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">array</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">final Object[] getArray() {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">array</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">final <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">void</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">setArray</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(Object[] a)</span> </span>{</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">array</span> = a;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

这个 Object 数组就是 CopyOnWriteArrayList 用于存储数据的,而这几个构造器主要就是对该数组进行初始化。

由于它是一个集合类,主要操作就是增删改查,下面对这些操作进行分析。

2.2 增加

添加单个元素的方法有以下三个:

add(E): 将指定元素添加到 List 末尾。

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> boolean <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">add</span>(<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">E e</span>)</span> {</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 获取锁</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> final ReentrantLock <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span> = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">this</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">try</span> {</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 获取原数组</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] elements = getArray();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> len = elements.length;</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 将原数据复制一个新的数组,容量增加 1</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1</span>);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> newElements[len] = e; <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">// 将新元素插入新数组的末尾</span></span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 用新的数组替换旧的数组</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> setArray(newElements);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">true</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> } <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">finally</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>.unlock();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

add(int, E): 将给定元素添加到指定位置。

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">void</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">add</span>(<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> index, E element</span>)</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> final ReentrantLock <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span> = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">this</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">try</span> {</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 获取原数组</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] elements = getArray();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> len = elements.length;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (index &gt; len || index &lt; <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">throw</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">new</span> IndexOutOfBoundsException(<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">&quot;Index: &quot;</span>+index+</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">&quot;, Size: &quot;</span>+len);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] newElements;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> numMoved = len - index;</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 若将新元素添加到末尾,直接复制一个新的数组(容量增加 1)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (numMoved == <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1</span>);</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 否则,创建一个新的空数组(容量增加 1)</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 然后先把 index 前面的数据复制到新数组,再把 index 后面的数据复制到新数组</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">else</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> newElements = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">new</span> Object[len + <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1</span>];</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> System.arraycopy(elements, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>, newElements, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>, index);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> System.arraycopy(elements, index, newElements, index + <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1</span>,</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> numMoved);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 把新元素添加到新数组的末尾,然后替换原数组</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> newElements[index] = element;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> setArray(newElements);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> } <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">finally</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>.unlock();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

addIfAbsent(E): 当给定元素不存在时才添加。

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> boolean <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">addIfAbsent</span>(<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">E e</span>)</span> {</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 获取原数组(当前的快照)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] snapshot = getArray();</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // indexOf &gt;= 0 表示该元素已存在,直接返回 false</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> indexOf(e, snapshot, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>, snapshot.length) &gt;= <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span> ? <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">false</span> :</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> addIfAbsent(e, snapshot);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">private</span> boolean <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">addIfAbsent</span>(<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">E e, Object[] snapshot</span>)</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> final ReentrantLock <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span> = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">this</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">try</span> {</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 再次获取原数组</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] current = getArray();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> len = current.length;</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 二者不等,表示期间有其它线程进行修改</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (snapshot != current) {</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // Optimize for lost race to another addXXX operation</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> common = Math.min(snapshot.length, len);</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 判断 e 是否存在于当前数组</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">for</span> (<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> i = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>; i &lt; common; i++)</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // e 存在于 current,则返回 false(前面已判断 snapshot 中不存在)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (current[i] != snapshot[i] && eq(e, current[i]))</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">false</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (indexOf(e, current, common, len) &gt;= <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">false</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(current, len + <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1</span>);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> newElements[len] = e;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> setArray(newElements);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">true</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> } <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">finally</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>.unlock();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

值得注意的是,addIfAbsent 方法执行期间,可能存在其它线程对数组进行修改,因此内部需要判断是否有修改。

这几个方法的共同点:

  1. 都使用互斥锁(ReentrantLock )实现线程安全;

  2. 在新增元素时,并非直接修改原数组,而是复制出来一个新的数组,在新数组上修改,修改之后再覆盖原先的数组(这名字 Copy-On-Write 大概是这么来的吧)。

2.3 删除

remove(E): 删除指定位置的元素。

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> E <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">remove</span>(<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> index</span>)</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> final ReentrantLock <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span> = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">this</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">try</span> {</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 获取原数组</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] elements = getArray();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> len = elements.length;</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 获取该索引处的旧值</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> E oldValue = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">get</span>(elements, index);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> numMoved = len - index - <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1</span>;</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 删除的是末尾元素</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (numMoved == <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>)</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 复制 index 前面的所有元素,并替换原数组</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> setArray(Arrays.copyOf(elements, len - <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1</span>));</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">else</span> {</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 删除的不是末尾元素,新建一个空数组(容量减 1)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] newElements = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">new</span> Object[len - <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1</span>];</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> System.arraycopy(elements, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>, newElements, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>, index);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> System.arraycopy(elements, index + <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1</span>, newElements, index,</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> numMoved);</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 替换旧数组</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> setArray(newElements);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> oldValue;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> } <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">finally</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>.unlock();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

remove(Object): 删除指定的元素。

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> boolean <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">remove</span>(<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Object o</span>)</span> {</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 获取原数组(快照)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] snapshot = getArray();</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 获取给定元素的索引,若小于零表示不存在,返回 false</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> index = indexOf(o, snapshot, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>, snapshot.length);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> (index &lt; <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>) ? <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">false</span> : <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">remove</span>(o, snapshot, index);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">private</span> boolean <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">remove</span>(<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Object o, Object[] snapshot, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> index</span>)</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> final ReentrantLock <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span> = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">this</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">try</span> {</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 再次获取原数组(这里的操作逻辑和前面的 addIfAbsent 类似)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] current = getArray();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> len = current.length;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (snapshot != current) findIndex: {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> prefix = Math.min(index, len);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">for</span> (<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> i = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>; i &lt; prefix; i++) {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (current[i] != snapshot[i] && eq(o, current[i])) {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> index = i;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">break</span> findIndex;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (index &gt;= len)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">false</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (current[index] == o)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">break</span> findIndex;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> index = indexOf(o, current, index, len);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (index &lt; <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>)</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">false</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] newElements = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">new</span> Object[len - <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1</span>];</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> System.arraycopy(current, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>, newElements, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>, index);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> System.arraycopy(current, index + <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1</span>,</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> newElements, index,</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> len - index - <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1</span>);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> setArray(newElements);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">true</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> } <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">finally</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>.unlock();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

这两个方法的共同点:

  1. 使用互斥锁(ReentrantLock )实现线程安全;

  2. 在删除元素时,也不是直接修改原数组,而是复制出来一个新的数组,在新数组上修改,修改之后再覆盖原先的数组(与增加操作类似)。

2.4 修改

set(int, E): 将指定位置的元素设置为给定的元素。

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> E <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">set</span>(<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> index, E element</span>)</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> final ReentrantLock <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span> = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">this</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>.<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">try</span> {</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 获取原数组</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] elements = getArray();</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 获取该位置的旧值</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> E oldValue = <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">get</span>(elements, index);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (oldValue != element) { <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">// 新旧值不同</span></span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> len = elements.length;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> newElements[index] = element;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> setArray(newElements);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> } <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">else</span> { <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">// 新旧值相同</span></span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // Not quite a no-op; ensures volatile write semantics</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> setArray(elements);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> oldValue;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> } <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">finally</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">lock</span>.unlock();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

该方法与前面的增加删除操作也是类似的。

2.5 读取

get(int): 获取给定位置的元素(不加锁)。

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> E <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">get</span>(<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> index</span>)</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">get</span>(getArray(), index);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">private</span> E <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">get</span>(<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Object[] a, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> index</span>)</span> {</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> (E) a[index];</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

分析到这里,简单总结下增删改查操作:

  1. 增删改操作都使用了互斥锁,读操作不加锁;

  2. 增删改操作都会把当前数组复制一份副本出来,在副本上做修改,然后再覆盖原数组;

  3. 修改过程中仍可以读取,但读取到的可能是旧数组(脏读)。

这是一种读写分离的思想,可以提高并发性能(读多写少的场景下)。

2.6 迭代器

迭代器方法:

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> Iterator&lt;E&gt; <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">iterator</span>()</span> {</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 获取当前数组,作为快照传入 COWIterator</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">new</span> COWIterator&lt;E&gt;(getArray(), <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>);</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

COWIterator 是一个内部嵌套类,主要代码如下:

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">static</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">final</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">class</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">COWIterator</span>&lt;<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">E</span>&gt; <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">implements</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">ListIterator</span>&lt;<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">E</span>&gt; </span>{</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 数组的快照</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">private</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">final</span> Object[] snapshot;</span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 对 next 的后续调用将返回的元素的索引</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">private</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> cursor;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">private</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">COWIterator</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(Object[] elements, <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> initialCursor)</span> </span>{</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> cursor = initialCursor;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> snapshot = elements;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">boolean</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">hasNext</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">()</span> </span>{</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> cursor &lt; snapshot.length;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">boolean</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">hasPrevious</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">()</span> </span>{</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> cursor &gt; <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">0</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> E <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">next</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">()</span> </span>{</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (! hasNext())</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">throw</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">new</span> NoSuchElementException();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> (E) snapshot[cursor++];</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> E <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">previous</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">()</span> </span>{</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">if</span> (! hasPrevious())</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">throw</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">new</span> NoSuchElementException();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> (E) snapshot[--cursor];</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">nextIndex</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">()</span> </span>{</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> cursor;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">int</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">previousIndex</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">()</span> </span>{</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">return</span> cursor-<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1</span>;</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span>

<span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;font-style:italic;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> // 该迭代器不支持修改操作</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">void</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">remove</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">()</span> </span>{</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">throw</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">new</span> UnsupportedOperationException();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">void</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">set</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(E e)</span> </span>{</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">throw</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">new</span> UnsupportedOperationException();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">public</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">void</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">add</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(E e)</span> </span>{</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">throw</span> <span style="padding:0px;margin:0px;max-width:1000%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">new</span> UnsupportedOperationException();</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> }</span>

<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 1000%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span>

该迭代器会使用当前数组的一个快照进行迭代,在此期间若有其它线程对集合进行修改,迭代器是读不到的。而且不支持在迭代过程中对数组进行增加、删除、修改操作。

3. 小结

CopyOnWriteArrayList 是一个集合类,它的主要特点如下:

  1. CopyOnWriteArrayList 可以理解为一个线程安全的 ArrayList;

  2. 在"增删改"操作中使用互斥锁保证线程安全,读操作不加锁;

  3. 采用写入时复制(Copy-On-Write)的思想,读写分离,可能造成脏读;

  4. 适用于读多写少的场景。

它也有一个明显的缺点:当集合中数据量较大时,如果做一些修改操作比较耗费内存(内存中会同时存在两份数据)。

相关阅读:

JDK源码分析-ArrayList

JDK源码分析-ReentrantLock

彩蛋:当初注册这个公众号时不知道叫什么名字,刚好当时接触到了这个 CopyOnWrite,于是就想“读书时应该写点东西”,于是就想到了 WriteOnRead,脑回路真是清奇

JDK源码分析-CopyOnWriteArrayList

原文  https://juejin.im/post/5decf56e51882512591aa2a2
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