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Spring + Spring MVC + Hibernate项目开发集成（注解）

在自己从事的项目中都是使用xml配置的方式来进行的，随着项目的越来越大，会发现配置文件会相当的庞大，这个不利于项目的进行和后期的维护。于是考虑使用注解的方式来进行项目的开发，前些日子就抽空学习了一下。在网上也查询了很多使用注解来搭建开发框架的文章，但是有一个问题就是，使用更新的软件版本会出错。这里我将使用最新的Spring，Hibernate来进行框架的搭建，经过测试，顺利运行。分享旨在与大家一起分享学习，共同进步，有不足之处，望不吝赐教，谢谢！

本项目使用maven构建，采用Spring + Spring MVC + Hibernate + MySQL进行搭建，下面简要说明本项目所使用软件版本：

maven：3.2.3

hibernate：4.3.9.Final

spring：4.1.6.RELEASE

mysql：5.1.35

接下来我看一下项目的整体结构：

Spring + Spring MVC + Hibernate项目开发集成（注解）

下面我们开始框架的搭建之旅吧。

一，配置文件

1，首先配置pom.xml，获得项目所需要的jar文件。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <groupId>cn</groupId>  <artifactId>mylife</artifactId>  <packaging>war</packaging>  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>  <name>mylife Maven Webapp</name>  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>  <!-- 设置使用框架的版本 -->  <properties>   <hibernate-version>4.3.9.Final</hibernate-version>   <spring-version>4.1.6.RELEASE</spring-version>   <mysql-driver-version>5.1.35</mysql-driver-version>  </properties>  <dependencies>   <dependency>    <groupId>junit</groupId>    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>    <version>4.12</version>   </dependency>   <!-- servlet api -->   <dependency>    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>    <version>3.1.0</version>   </dependency>   <!-- jstl -->   <dependency>    <groupId>jstl</groupId>    <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>    <version>1.2</version>   </dependency>   <!-- hibernate -->   <dependency>    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>    <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>    <version>${hibernate-version}</version>   </dependency>   <!-- spring -->   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>    <version>${spring-version}</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>    <version>${spring-version}</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>    <version>${spring-version}</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>    <version>${spring-version}</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>    <version>${spring-version}</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>    <version>${spring-version}</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>    <version>${spring-version}</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>    <version>${spring-version}</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>    <version>${spring-version}</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-webmvc-portlet</artifactId>    <version>${spring-version}</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId>    <version>${spring-version}</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>    <version>${spring-version}</version>   </dependency>   <!-- MySQL驱动 -->   <dependency>    <groupId>mysql</groupId>    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>    <version>${mysql-driver-version}</version>   </dependency>   <!-- dbcp -->   <dependency>    <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>    <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>    <version>1.4</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>commons-io</groupId>    <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>    <version>2.4</version>   </dependency>  </dependencies>  <build>   <finalName>mylife</finalName>   <plugins>    <plugin>     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>     <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>     <configuration>      <source>1.8</source>      <target>1.8</target>     </configuration>    </plugin>   </plugins>  </build> </project>

2，配置Spring MVC，在calsspath路径下创建一个spring-mvc.xml文件，具体配置如下：

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  4     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  5     xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"  6     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  7     xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"  8     xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"  9     xmlns:jms="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms" 10     xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang" 11     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 12     xmlns:oxm="http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm" 13     xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" 14     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 15     xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" 16     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 17         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd 18         http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.0.xsd 19         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd 20         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd 21         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd 22         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms-4.0.xsd 23         http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-4.0.xsd 24         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd 25         http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm-4.0.xsd 26         http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd 27         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd 28         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd"> 29     <!-- 扫描controller组件 --> 30     <context:component-scan base-package="cn.mylife.controller"/> 31     <!-- 配置视图解析器 --> 32     <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> 33         <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> 34         <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/" /> 35         <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> 36     </bean> 37     <!-- 启动springMVC注解 --> 38     <mvc:annotation-driven/> 39      40 </beans>

3，配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">  <display-name>mylife</display-name>  <!-- 启动服务时加载的文件 -->  <context-param>   <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>   <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>  </context-param>  <context-param>   <!-- 日志配置文件路径 -->   <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>   <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>  </context-param>  <context-param>   <!-- 日志页面的刷新间隔 -->   <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>   <param-value>6000</param-value>  </context-param>  <listener>   <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  </listener>  <servlet>   <servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>   <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>   <init-param>    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>    <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>   </init-param>   <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  </servlet>  <servlet-mapping>   <servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>   <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>  </servlet-mapping>  <filter>   <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>   <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>   <init-param>    <param-name>encoding</param-name>    <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>   </init-param>  </filter>  <filter-mapping>   <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  </filter-mapping>  <error-page>   <error-code>404</error-code>   <location>/404.html</location>  </error-page>  <welcome-file-list>    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>  </welcome-file-list> </web-app>

4，配置Spring，在classpath路径下新建applicationContext.xml文件，配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"  xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"  xmlns:jms="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms"  xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang"  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  xmlns:oxm="http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm"  xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms-4.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-4.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm-4.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd"   default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="true">  <context:component-scan base-package="cn.mylife"/>  <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:hibernate.properties"/>  <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">   <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>   <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>   <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>   <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>  </bean>  <!-- org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean -->  <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">   <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />   <property name="hibernateProperties">      <props>       <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>       <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>       <prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">${hibernate.cache.provider_class}</prop>       <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_query_cache}</prop>       <prop key="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">${hibernate.jdbc.batch_size}</prop>       <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache}</prop>       <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>       <!-- 这一个必须配置，否则会出现no session 的错误 -->     <!-- <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">${hibernate.current_session_context_class}</prop> -->    </props>     </property>   <!-- 自动扫描制定位置下的实体进行映射  -->    <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.mylife.entity"/>  </bean>  <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">   <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  </bean>  <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> </beans>

二，代码实现

1，创建entity实体类：cn.mylife.entity.User

package cn.mylife.entity; import java.io.Serializable; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; /**  * 用户User实体类  * @author Xiongyan  * @date 2015年5月6日 上午10:24:24  * @version 0.0.1  */ @SuppressWarnings("serial") @Entity @Table(name="tb_user") public class User implements Serializable {  @Id  @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)  private Integer id;  @Column(name="user_name", length=50, nullable=false)  private String name;  public Integer getId() {   return id;  }  public void setId(Integer id) {   this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {   return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {   this.name = name;  } }

2，实现dao层基类：cn.mylife.dao.BaseDao<T>

package cn.mylife.dao;  import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List;  import javax.annotation.Resource;  import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;  /**  * dao层基类，实现增，删，改，查等常用功能。  *   * @author Xiongyan  * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:24:08  * @version 0.0.1  * @param <T>  */ @Repository public class BaseDao<T> {     @Resource     private SessionFactory sessionFactory;      /**      * 保存数据      *       * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:24:54      * @throws      * @return void 返回类型      */     public void save(T t) {         sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(t);     }      /**      * 删除数据      *       * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:26:41      * @throws      * @return void 返回类型      */     public void delete(Serializable id, Class<T> clazz) {         T t = get(id, clazz);         if (t != null)             sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().delete(t);         else             new RuntimeException("你要删除的数据不存在").printStackTrace();         ;     }      /**      * 更新数据      *       * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:29:13      * @throws      * @return void 返回类型      */     public void update(T t) {         sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().update(t);     }      /**      * 根据ID查找数据      *       * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:29:46      * @throws      * @return T 返回类型      */     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")     public T get(Serializable id, Class<T> clazz) {         return (T) sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(clazz, id);     }      /**      * 查找所有数据      *       * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:30:16      * @throws      * @return List<T> 返回类型      */     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")     public List<T> getAll(Class<T> clazz) {         return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(clazz.toString()).list();     } }

3，service层代码的实现

package cn.mylife.service.user;  import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List;  import javax.transaction.Transactional;  /**  * Service层基类，定义通用的增，删，改，查功能接口。  *   * @author Xiongyan  * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:41:57  * @version 0.0.1  * @param <T>  */ public interface BaseService<T> {     /**      * 保存数据      *       * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:42:42      * @throws      * @return void 返回类型      */     @Transactional     public void save(T t);      /**      * 删除数据      *       * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:43:08      * @throws      * @return void 返回类型      */     @Transactional     public void delete(Serializable id);      /**      * 更新数据      *       * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:43:19      * @throws      * @return void 返回类型      */     @Transactional     public void update(T t);      /**      * 根据ID获取数据      *       * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:43:30      * @throws      * @return T 返回类型      */     public T get(Serializable id);      /**      * 获取所有的数据      *       * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:43:52      * @throws      * @return List<T> 返回类型      */     public List<T> getAll(); }

package cn.mylife.service.user.impl;  import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List;  import javax.annotation.Resource;  import cn.mylife.dao.BaseDao; import cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService;  import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType; import java.lang.reflect.Type;  /**  * Service层基类实现类。该类是一个抽象类。  * @author Xiongyan  * @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:59:53  * @version 0.0.1  * @param <T>  */ public abstract class BaseServiceImpl<T> implements BaseService<T> {     @Resource     private BaseDao<T> baseDao;      private Class<T> clazz;      @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })     public BaseServiceImpl() {         // 子类         Class cla = getClass();         // 通过子类获取到父类          // 泛型参数         Type type = cla.getGenericSuperclass();         if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {             ParameterizedType pType = (ParameterizedType) type;             clazz = (Class<T>) pType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];         }     }      /*      * 保存数据      * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:55:23      * (non-Javadoc)      * @throws       * @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#save(java.lang.Object)      */     @Override     public void save(T t) {         baseDao.save(t);     }      /*      * 根据ID删除数据      * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:56:01      * (non-Javadoc)      * @throws       * @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#delete(java.io.Serializable)      */     @Override     public void delete(Serializable id) {         baseDao.delete(id, clazz);     }      /*      * 更新数据      * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:56:51      * (non-Javadoc)      * @throws       * @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#update(java.lang.Object)      */     @Override     public void update(T t) {         baseDao.update(t);     }      /*      * 根据ID获得数据      * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:57:54      * (non-Javadoc)      * @throws       * @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#get(java.io.Serializable)      */     @Override     public T get(Serializable id) {         return baseDao.get(id, clazz);     }      /*      * 获取所有的数据      * @author Xiongyan      * @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:58:34      * (non-Javadoc)      * @throws       * @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#getAll()      */     @Override     public List<T> getAll() {         return baseDao.getAll(clazz);     }  }

package cn.mylife.service.user;  import cn.mylife.entity.User;  public interface UserService extends BaseService<User>{      }

package cn.mylife.service.user.impl;  import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;  import cn.mylife.entity.User; import cn.mylife.service.user.UserService;  @Service public class UserServiceImpl extends BaseServiceImpl<User> implements UserService{      }

4，controller层代码的实现

package cn.mylife.controller; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller @RequestMapping("/user") @Scope("prototype") public class UserController {  @RequestMapping(value = "/save")  public ModelAndView saveUser() {   ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView("/jsps/testPage");   System.out.println("-- 访问成功 --");   return view;  } }

5，编写JSP页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"  pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>测试页面</title> </head> <body> 这只是一个测试页面。 </body> </html>

6，编写Spring测试代码：cn.mylife.junit.SpringJunit4.java

package cn.mylife.junit; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import cn.mylife.entity.User; import cn.mylife.service.user.UserService; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) // 加载spring配置文件 @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" }) public class SpringJunit4 {  @Resource  private UserService userService;  @Test  public void testUser() throws Exception {   User user = new User();   user.setName("中国人名共和国");   userService.save(user);  } }