上一篇文章讲了Netty的理论基础,这一篇讲一下Netty在项目中的应用场景之一:消息推送功能,可以满足给所有用户推送,也可以满足给指定某一个用户推送消息,创建的是SpringBoot项目,后台服务端使用Netty技术,前端页面使用WebSocket技术。
大概实现思路:
下面是具体的代码实现,基本上每一步操作都配有注释说明,配合注释看应该还是比较容易理解的。
**第零步:**引入Netty的依赖,和一个工具包(只用到了json工具,可用其他json工具代替)
<dependency> <groupId>io.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> <version>4.1.33.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId> <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId> <version>5.2.3</version> </dependency> 复制代码
**第一步:**在NettyConfig中定义一个channel组,管理所有的channel,再定义一个map,管理用户与channel的对应关系。
package com.sixj.nettypush.config; import io.netty.channel.Channel; import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup; import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup; import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; /** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-15:07 */ public class NettyConfig { /** * 定义一个channel组,管理所有的channel * GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE 是全局的事件执行器,是一个单例 */ private static ChannelGroup channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE); /** * 存放用户与Chanel的对应信息,用于给指定用户发送消息 */ private static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Channel> userChannelMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); private NettyConfig() {} /** * 获取channel组 * @return */ public static ChannelGroup getChannelGroup() { return channelGroup; } /** * 获取用户channel map * @return */ public static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Channel> getUserChannelMap(){ return userChannelMap; } } 复制代码
**第二步:**创建NettyServer,定义两个EventLoopGroup,bossGroup辅助客户端的tcp连接请求, workGroup负责与客户端之前的读写操作,需要说明的是,需要开启一个新的线程来执行netty server,要不然会阻塞主线程,到时候就无法调用项目的其他controller接口了。
package com.sixj.nettypush.websocket; import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler; import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ObjectEncoder; import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; import javax.annotation.PreDestroy; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; /** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-13:44 */ @Component public class NettyServer{ private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class); /** * webSocket协议名 */ private static final String WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL = "WebSocket"; /** * 端口号 */ @Value("${webSocket.netty.port:58080}") private int port; /** * webSocket路径 */ @Value("${webSocket.netty.path:/webSocket}") private String webSocketPath; @Autowired private WebSocketHandler webSocketHandler; private EventLoopGroup bossGroup; private EventLoopGroup workGroup; /** * 启动 * @throws InterruptedException */ private void start() throws InterruptedException { bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); // bossGroup辅助客户端的tcp连接请求, workGroup负责与客户端之前的读写操作 bootstrap.group(bossGroup,workGroup); // 设置NIO类型的channel bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class); // 设置监听端口 bootstrap.localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port)); // 连接到达时会创建一个通道 bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { // 流水线管理通道中的处理程序(Handler),用来处理业务 // webSocket协议本身是基于http协议的,所以这边也要使用http编解码器 ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ObjectEncoder()); // 以块的方式来写的处理器 ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler()); /* 说明: 1、http数据在传输过程中是分段的,HttpObjectAggregator可以将多个段聚合 2、这就是为什么,当浏览器发送大量数据时,就会发送多次http请求 */ ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192)); /* 说明: 1、对应webSocket,它的数据是以帧(frame)的形式传递 2、浏览器请求时 ws://localhost:58080/xxx 表示请求的uri 3、核心功能是将http协议升级为ws协议,保持长连接 */ ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler(webSocketPath, WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL, true, 65536 * 10)); // 自定义的handler,处理业务逻辑 ch.pipeline().addLast(webSocketHandler); } }); // 配置完成,开始绑定server,通过调用sync同步方法阻塞直到绑定成功 ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.bind().sync(); log.info("Server started and listen on:{}",channelFuture.channel().localAddress()); // 对关闭通道进行监听 channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } /** * 释放资源 * @throws InterruptedException */ @PreDestroy public void destroy() throws InterruptedException { if(bossGroup != null){ bossGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync(); } if(workGroup != null){ workGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync(); } } @PostConstruct() public void init() { //需要开启一个新的线程来执行netty server 服务器 new Thread(() -> { try { start(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }).start(); } } 复制代码
第三步:具体实现业务的WebSocketHandler,具体实现逻辑看注释
package com.sixj.nettypush.websocket; import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject; import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil; import com.sixj.nettypush.config.NettyConfig; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame; import io.netty.util.AttributeKey; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * TextWebSocketFrame类型, 表示一个文本帧 * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-13:47 */ @Component @ChannelHandler.Sharable public class WebSocketHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> { private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class); /** * 一旦连接,第一个被执行 * @param ctx * @throws Exception */ @Override public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { log.info("handlerAdded 被调用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText()); // 添加到channelGroup 通道组 NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().add(ctx.channel()); } /** * 读取数据 */ @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception { log.info("服务器收到消息:{}",msg.text()); // 获取用户ID,关联channel JSONObject jsonObject = JSONUtil.parseObj(msg.text()); String uid = jsonObject.getStr("uid"); NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().put(uid,ctx.channel()); // 将用户ID作为自定义属性加入到channel中,方便随时channel中获取用户ID AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId"); ctx.channel().attr(key).setIfAbsent(uid); // 回复消息 ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服务器连接成功!")); } @Override public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { log.info("handlerRemoved 被调用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText()); // 删除通道 NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel()); removeUserId(ctx); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { log.info("异常:{}",cause.getMessage()); // 删除通道 NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel()); removeUserId(ctx); ctx.close(); } /** * 删除用户与channel的对应关系 * @param ctx */ private void removeUserId(ChannelHandlerContext ctx){ AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId"); String userId = ctx.channel().attr(key).get(); NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().remove(userId); } } 复制代码
**第四步:**具体消息推送的接口
public interface PushService { /** * 推送给指定用户 * @param userId * @param msg */ void pushMsgToOne(String userId,String msg); /** * 推送给所有用户 * @param msg */ void pushMsgToAll(String msg); } 复制代码
接口实现类:
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; /** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-30-20:10 */ @Service public class PushServiceImpl implements PushService { @Override public void pushMsgToOne(String userId, String msg){ ConcurrentHashMap<String, Channel> userChannelMap = NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap(); Channel channel = userChannelMap.get(userId); channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg)); } @Override public void pushMsgToAll(String msg){ NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg)); } } 复制代码
controller:
package com.sixj.nettypush.controller; import com.sixj.nettypush.service.PushService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-30-20:08 */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/push") public class PushController { @Autowired private PushService pushService; /** * 推送给所有用户 * @param msg */ @PostMapping("/pushAll") public void pushToAll(@RequestParam("msg") String msg){ pushService.pushMsgToAll(msg); } /** * 推送给指定用户 * @param userId * @param msg */ @PostMapping("/pushOne") public void pushMsgToOne(@RequestParam("userId") String userId,@RequestParam("msg") String msg){ pushService.pushMsgToOne(userId,msg); } } 复制代码
**第五步:**前端html页面
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <script> var socket; // 判断当前浏览器是否支持webSocket if(window.WebSocket){ socket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.174.25:58080/webSocket") // 相当于channel的read事件,ev 收到服务器回送的消息 socket.onmessage = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = rt.value + "/n" + ev.data; } // 相当于连接开启 socket.onopen = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = "连接开启了..." socket.send( JSON.stringify({ // 连接成功将,用户ID传给服务端 uid: "123456" }) ); } // 相当于连接关闭 socket.onclose = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = rt.value + "/n" + "连接关闭了..."; } }else{ alert("当前浏览器不支持webSocket") } </script> <form onsubmit="return false"> <textarea id="responseText" style="height: 150px; width: 300px;"></textarea> <input type="button" value="清空内容" onclick="document.getElementById('responseText').value=''"> </form> </body> </html> 复制代码
目前为止,所有代码已经写完了,测试一下
首先运行这个html文件,会看到服务端给前端返回的消息“服务器连接成功了!”,后端日志会打印 服务器收到消息:{"uid":"123456"}
然后使用postman测试推送的接口
测试成功,打完收工~ 如有疑问,可以在公众号后台联系我