SpringBoot集成SpringSecurity和JWT做登陆鉴权的实现

废话

目前流行的前后端分离让Java程序员可以更加专注的做好后台业务逻辑的功能实现，提供如返回Json格式的数据接口就可以。SpringBoot的易用性和对其他框架的高度集成，用来快速开发一个小型应用是最佳的选择。

一套前后端分离的后台项目，刚开始就要面对的就是登陆和授权的问题。这里提供一套方案供大家参考。

主要看点：

• 登陆后获取token，根据token来请求资源
• 根据用户角色来确定对资源的访问权限
• 统一异常处理
• 返回标准的Json格式数据

正文

首先是pom文件：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <!--这是不是必须，只是我引用了里面一些类的方法-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-solr</artifactId>
    </dependency>
        <!--这是不是必须，只是我引用了里面一些类的方法-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
      <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
      <version>2.6.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
      <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
      <version>2.6.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-security-jwt</artifactId>
      <version>1.0.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
      <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
      <version>0.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

application.yml:

spring :
 datasource :
  url : jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/les_data_center?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries=true&useAffectedRows=true&useSSL=false
  username : root
  password : 123456
  driverClassName : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
 jackson:
  data-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
  time-zone: GMT+8
mybatis :
 config-location : classpath:/mybatis-config.xml
# JWT
jwt:
 header: Authorization
 secret: mySecret
 #token有效期一天
 expiration: 86400
 tokenHead: "Bearer "

接着是对security的配置，让security来保护我们的API

SpringBoot推荐使用配置类来代替xml配置。那这里，我也使用配置类的方式。

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

  private final JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint unauthorizedHandler;

  private final AccessDeniedHandler accessDeniedHandler;

  private final UserDetailsService CustomUserDetailsService;

  private final JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter authenticationTokenFilter;

  @Autowired
  public WebSecurityConfig(JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint unauthorizedHandler,
               @Qualifier("RestAuthenticationAccessDeniedHandler") AccessDeniedHandler accessDeniedHandler,
               @Qualifier("CustomUserDetailsService") UserDetailsService CustomUserDetailsService,
               JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter authenticationTokenFilter) {
    this.unauthorizedHandler = unauthorizedHandler;
    this.accessDeniedHandler = accessDeniedHandler;
    this.CustomUserDetailsService = CustomUserDetailsService;
    this.authenticationTokenFilter = authenticationTokenFilter;
  }

  @Autowired
  public void configureAuthentication(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder) throws Exception {
    authenticationManagerBuilder
        // 设置UserDetailsService
        .userDetailsService(this.CustomUserDetailsService)
        // 使用BCrypt进行密码的hash
        .passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
  }
  // 装载BCrypt密码编码器
  @Bean
  public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
    return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
  }

  @Override
  protected void configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception {
    httpSecurity
        .exceptionHandling().accessDeniedHandler(accessDeniedHandler).and()
        // 由于使用的是JWT，我们这里不需要csrf
        .csrf().disable()
        .exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(unauthorizedHandler).and()
        // 基于token，所以不需要session
        .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS).and()

        .authorizeRequests()

        // 对于获取token的rest api要允许匿名访问
        .antMatchers("/api/v1/auth", "/api/v1/signout", "/error/**", "/api/**").permitAll()
        // 除上面外的所有请求全部需要鉴权认证
        .anyRequest().authenticated();

    // 禁用缓存
    httpSecurity.headers().cacheControl();

    // 添加JWT filter
    httpSecurity
        .addFilterBefore(authenticationTokenFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
  }

  @Override
  public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
    web.ignoring().antMatchers("/v2/api-docs",
        "/swagger-resources/configuration/ui",
        "/swagger-resources",
        "/swagger-resources/configuration/security",
        "/swagger-ui.html"
    );
  }

  @Bean
  @Override
  public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
    return super.authenticationManagerBean();
  }
}

该类中配置了几个bean来供security使用。

1. JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter：token过滤器来验证token有效性
2. UserDetailsService：实现了DetailsService接口，用来做登陆验证
3. JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint ：认证失败处理类
4. RestAuthenticationAccessDeniedHandler： 权限不足处理类

那么，接下来一个一个实现这些类：

/**
 * token校验,引用的stackoverflow一个答案里的处理方式
 * Author: JoeTao
 * createAt: 2018/9/14
 */
@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

  @Value("${jwt.header}")
  private String token_header;

  @Resource
  private JWTUtils jwtUtils;

  @Override
  protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
    String auth_token = request.getHeader(this.token_header);
    final String auth_token_start = "Bearer ";
    if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(auth_token) && auth_token.startsWith(auth_token_start)) {
      auth_token = auth_token.substring(auth_token_start.length());
    } else {
      // 不按规范,不允许通过验证
      auth_token = null;
    }

    String username = jwtUtils.getUsernameFromToken(auth_token);

    logger.info(String.format("Checking authentication for user %s.", username));

    if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
      User user = jwtUtils.getUserFromToken(auth_token);
      if (jwtUtils.validateToken(auth_token, user)) {
        UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(user, null, user.getAuthorities());
        authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
        logger.info(String.format("Authenticated user %s, setting security context", username));
        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
      }
    }
    chain.doFilter(request, response);
  }
}

/**
 * 认证失败处理类，返回401
 * Author: JoeTao
 * createAt: 2018/9/20
 */
@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint, Serializable {

  private static final long serialVersionUID = -8970718410437077606L;

  @Override
  public void commence(HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response,
             AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {
    //验证为未登陆状态会进入此方法，认证错误
    System.out.println("认证失败：" + authException.getMessage());
    response.setStatus(200);
    response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
    PrintWriter printWriter = response.getWriter();
    String body = ResultJson.failure(ResultCode.UNAUTHORIZED, authException.getMessage()).toString();
    printWriter.write(body);
    printWriter.flush();
  }
}

因为我们使用的REST API,所以我们认为到达后台的请求都是正常的，所以返回的HTTP状态码都是200，用接口返回的code来确定请求是否正常。

/**
* 权限不足处理类，返回403
 * Author: JoeTao
 * createAt: 2018/9/21
 */
@Component("RestAuthenticationAccessDeniedHandler")
public class RestAuthenticationAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {
  @Override
  public void handle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
    //登陆状态下，权限不足执行该方法
    System.out.println("权限不足：" + e.getMessage());
    response.setStatus(200);
    response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
    PrintWriter printWriter = response.getWriter();
    String body = ResultJson.failure(ResultCode.FORBIDDEN, e.getMessage()).toString();
    printWriter.write(body);
    printWriter.flush();
  }
}

/**
 * 登陆身份认证
 * Author: JoeTao
 * createAt: 2018/9/14
 */
@Component(value="CustomUserDetailsService")
public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {
  private final AuthMapper authMapper;

  public CustomUserDetailsService(AuthMapper authMapper) {
    this.authMapper = authMapper;
  }

  @Override
  public User loadUserByUsername(String name) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
    User user = authMapper.findByUsername(name);
    if (user == null) {
      throw new UsernameNotFoundException(String.format("No user found with username '%s'.", name));
    }
    Role role = authMapper.findRoleByUserId(user.getId());
    user.setRole(role);
    return user;
  }
}

登陆逻辑：

public ResponseUserToken login(String username, String password) {
    //用户验证
    final Authentication authentication = authenticate(username, password);
    //存储认证信息
    SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
    //生成token
    final User user = (User) authentication.getPrincipal();
//    User user = (User) userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
    final String token = jwtTokenUtil.generateAccessToken(user);
    //存储token
    jwtTokenUtil.putToken(username, token);
    return new ResponseUserToken(token, user);
  }

private Authentication authenticate(String username, String password) {
    try {
      //该方法会去调用userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername()去验证用户名和密码，如果正确，则存储该用户名密码到“security 的 context中”
      return authenticationManager.authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password));
    } catch (DisabledException | BadCredentialsException e) {
      throw new CustomException(ResultJson.failure(ResultCode.LOGIN_ERROR, e.getMessage()));
    }
  }

自定义异常：

@Getter
public class CustomException extends RuntimeException{
  private ResultJson resultJson;

  public CustomException(ResultJson resultJson) {
    this.resultJson = resultJson;
  }
}

统一异常处理：

/**
 * 异常处理类
 * controller层异常无法捕获处理，需要自己处理
 * Created by jt on 2018/8/27.
 */
@RestControllerAdvice
@Slf4j
public class DefaultExceptionHandler {

  /**
   * 处理所有自定义异常
   * @param e
   * @return
   */
  @ExceptionHandler(CustomException.class)
  public ResultJson handleCustomException(CustomException e){
    log.error(e.getResultJson().getMsg().toString());
    return e.getResultJson();
  }
}

所有经controller转发的请求抛出的自定义异常都会被捕获处理，一般情况下就是返回给调用方一个json的报错信息，包含自定义状态码、错误信息及补充描述信息。

值得注意的是，在请求到达controller之前，会被Filter拦截，如果在controller或者之前抛出的异常，自定义的异常处理器是无法处理的，需要自己重新定义一个全局异常处理器或者直接处理。

Filter拦截请求两次的问题

跨域的post的请求会验证两次，get不会。网上的解释是，post请求第一次是预检请求，Request Method： OPTIONS。

解决方法：

在webSecurityConfig里添加

.antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()

就可以不拦截options请求了。

这里只给出了最主要的代码，还有controller层的访问权限设置，返回状态码，返回类定义等等。

所有代码已上传GitHub， 项目地址

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时间：2020-04-21