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Netty 如何实现心跳机制与断线重连？

作者：sprinkle_liz

心跳机制

何为心跳

所谓心跳, 即在 TCP 长连接中, 客户端和服务器之间定期发送的一种特殊的数据包, 通知对方自己还在线, 以确保 TCP 连接的有效性.

注：心跳包还有另一个作用，经常被忽略，即：一个连接如果长时间不用，防火墙或者路由器就会断开该连接。

如何实现

核心Handler —— IdleStateHandler

在 Netty 中, 实现心跳机制的关键是 IdleStateHandler, 那么这个 Handler 如何使用呢? 先看下它的构造器：

public IdleStateHandler(int readerIdleTimeSeconds, int writerIdleTimeSeconds, int allIdleTimeSeconds) {
    this((long)readerIdleTimeSeconds, (long)writerIdleTimeSeconds, (long)allIdleTimeSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}

这里解释下三个参数的含义：

readerIdleTimeSeconds: 读超时. 即当在指定的时间间隔内没有从 Channel 读取到数据时, 会触发一个 READER_IDLE 的 IdleStateEvent 事件.
writerIdleTimeSeconds: 写超时. 即当在指定的时间间隔内没有数据写入到 Channel 时, 会触发一个 WRITER_IDLE 的 IdleStateEvent 事件.
allIdleTimeSeconds: 读/写超时. 即当在指定的时间间隔内没有读或写操作时, 会触发一个 ALL_IDLE 的 IdleStateEvent 事件.

注：这三个参数默认的时间单位是秒。若需要指定其他时间单位，可以使用另一个构造方法：IdleStateHandler(boolean observeOutput, long readerIdleTime, long writerIdleTime, long allIdleTime, TimeUnit unit)

在看下面的实现之前，建议先了解一下IdleStateHandler的实现原理。

下面直接上代码，需要注意的地方，会在代码中通过注释进行说明。

使用IdleStateHandler实现心跳

下面将使用IdleStateHandler来实现心跳，Client端连接到Server端后，会循环执行一个任务： 随机等待几秒 ，然后 ping 一下 Server 端， 即发送一个心跳包 。当等待的时间超过规定时间，将会发送失败，以为Server端在此之前已经主动断开连接了。代码如下：

Client端

ClientIdleStateTrigger —— 心跳触发器

类ClientIdleStateTrigger也是一个Handler，只是重写了userEventTriggered方法，用于捕获IdleState.WRITER_IDLE事件（未在指定时间内向服务器发送数据），然后向Server端发送一个心跳包。

/**
 * <p>
 *  用于捕获{@link IdleState#WRITER_IDLE}事件（未在指定时间内向服务器发送数据），然后向<code>Server</code>端发送一个心跳包。
 * </p>
 */
public class ClientIdleStateTrigger extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    public static final String HEART_BEAT = "heart beat!";

    @Override
    public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
        if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
            IdleState state = ((IdleStateEvent) evt).state();
            if (state == IdleState.WRITER_IDLE) {
                // write heartbeat to server
                ctx.writeAndFlush(HEART_BEAT);
            }
        } else {
            super.userEventTriggered(ctx, evt);
        }
    }

}

Pinger —— 心跳发射器

/**
 * <p>客户端连接到服务器端后，会循环执行一个任务：随机等待几秒，然后ping一下Server端，即发送一个心跳包。</p>
 */
public class Pinger extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    private Random random = new Random();
    private int baseRandom = 8;

    private Channel channel;

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        super.channelActive(ctx);
        this.channel = ctx.channel();

        ping(ctx.channel());
    }

    private void ping(Channel channel) {
        int second = Math.max(1, random.nextInt(baseRandom));
        System.out.println("next heart beat will send after " + second + "s.");
        ScheduledFuture<?> future = channel.eventLoop().schedule(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                if (channel.isActive()) {
                    System.out.println("sending heart beat to the server...");
                    channel.writeAndFlush(ClientIdleStateTrigger.HEART_BEAT);
                } else {
                    System.err.println("The connection had broken, cancel the task that will send a heart beat.");
                    channel.closeFuture();
                    throw new RuntimeException();
                }
            }
        }, second, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        future.addListener(new GenericFutureListener() {
            @Override
            public void operationComplete(Future future) throws Exception {
                if (future.isSuccess()) {
                    ping(channel);
                }
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        // 当Channel已经断开的情况下, 仍然发送数据, 会抛异常, 该方法会被调用.
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
}

ClientHandlersInitializer —— 客户端处理器集合的初始化类

public class ClientHandlersInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {

    private ReconnectHandler reconnectHandler;
    private EchoHandler echoHandler;

    public ClientHandlersInitializer(TcpClient tcpClient) {
        Assert.notNull(tcpClient, "TcpClient can not be null.");
        this.reconnectHandler = new ReconnectHandler(tcpClient);
        this.echoHandler = new EchoHandler();
    }

    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
        pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 4, 0, 4));
        pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldPrepender(4));
        pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
        pipeline.addLast(new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
        pipeline.addLast(new Pinger());
    }
}

注：上面的Handler集合，除了Pinger，其他都是编解码器和解决粘包，可以忽略。

TcpClient —— TCP连接的客户端

public class TcpClient {

    private String host;
    private int port;
    private Bootstrap bootstrap;
    /** 将<code>Channel</code>保存起来, 可用于在其他非handler的地方发送数据 */
    private Channel channel;

    public TcpClient(String host, int port) {
        this(host, port, new ExponentialBackOffRetry(1000, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60 * 1000));
    }

    public TcpClient(String host, int port, RetryPolicy retryPolicy) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
        init();
    }

    /**
     * 向远程TCP服务器请求连接
     */
    public void connect() {
        synchronized (bootstrap) {
            ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(host, port);
            this.channel = future.channel();
        }
    }

    private void init() {
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        // bootstrap 可重用, 只需在TcpClient实例化的时候初始化即可.
        bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
        bootstrap.group(group)
                .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                .handler(new ClientHandlersInitializer(TcpClient.this));
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TcpClient tcpClient = new TcpClient("localhost", 2222);
        tcpClient.connect();
    }

}

Server端

ServerIdleStateTrigger —— 断连触发器

/**
 * <p>在规定时间内未收到客户端的任何数据包, 将主动断开该连接</p>
 */
public class ServerIdleStateTrigger extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
        if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
            IdleState state = ((IdleStateEvent) evt).state();
            if (state == IdleState.READER_IDLE) {
                // 在规定时间内没有收到客户端的上行数据, 主动断开连接
                ctx.disconnect();
            }
        } else {
            super.userEventTriggered(ctx, evt);
        }
    }
}

ServerBizHandler —— 服务器端的业务处理器

/**
 * <p>收到来自客户端的数据包后, 直接在控制台打印出来.</p>
 */
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class ServerBizHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {

    private final String REC_HEART_BEAT = "I had received the heart beat!";

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String data) throws Exception {
        try {
            System.out.println("receive data: " + data);
//            ctx.writeAndFlush(REC_HEART_BEAT);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Established connection with the remote client.");

        // do something

        ctx.fireChannelActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Disconnected with the remote client.");

        // do something

        ctx.fireChannelInactive();
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
}

ServerHandlerInitializer —— 服务器端处理器集合的初始化类

/**
 * <p>用于初始化服务器端涉及到的所有<code>Handler</code></p>
 */
public class ServerHandlerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {

    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        ch.pipeline().addLast("idleStateHandler", new IdleStateHandler(5, 0, 0));
        ch.pipeline().addLast("idleStateTrigger", new ServerIdleStateTrigger());
        ch.pipeline().addLast("frameDecoder", new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 4, 0, 4));
        ch.pipeline().addLast("frameEncoder", new LengthFieldPrepender(4));
        ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
        ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
        ch.pipeline().addLast("bizHandler", new ServerBizHandler());
    }

}

注：new IdleStateHandler(5, 0, 0)该handler代表如果在5秒内没有收到来自客户端的任何数据包（包括但不限于心跳包），将会主动断开与该客户端的连接。

TcpServer —— 服务器端

public class TcpServer {
    private int port;
    private ServerHandlerInitializer serverHandlerInitializer;

    public TcpServer(int port) {
        this.port = port;
        this.serverHandlerInitializer = new ServerHandlerInitializer();
    }

    public void start() {
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .childHandler(this.serverHandlerInitializer);
            // 绑定端口，开始接收进来的连接
            ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();

            System.out.println("Server start listen at " + port);
            future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        int port = 2222;
        new TcpServer(port).start();
    }
}