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Oracle WebLogic 最新补丁的绕过漏洞分析(CVE-2020-2883)

今年早些时候,作者在博客中公开了一个Oracle WebLogic Server中的反序列化漏洞。此漏洞是由Oracle补丁的,并分配了CVE-2020-2555。但是,VNPT ISC的研究员Quynh Le向ZDI提交了一个漏洞,该漏洞表明了可以绕过补丁利用此漏洞。Oracle 已通报此标记为CVE-2020-2883的漏洞可用于攻击。在此博客文章中,我们将详细介绍此最新补丁中的漏洞。

 https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2020/3/5/cve-2020-2555-rce-through-a-deserialization-bug-in-oracles-weblogic-server
 https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/current-activity/2020/05/01/unpatched-oracle-weblogic-servers-vulnerable-cve-2020-2883
 https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-20-570/

0x01  补丁绕过

CVE-2020-2555的原始补丁程序未修补以下gdaget利用链的部分:

 BadAttributeValueExpException.readObject()
   com.tangosol.util.filter.LimitFilter.toString() // <--- CVE-2020-2555在此处补丁
     com.tangosol.util.extractor.ChainedExtractor.extract()
         com.tangosol.util.extractor.ReflectionExtractor().extract()
             Method.invoke()
             //...
             com.tangosol.util.extractor.ReflectionExtractor().extract()
             Method.invoke()
                 Runtime.exec()

调用ChainedExtractor.extract()仍将导致远程执行代码,Quynh Le的报告显示,ChainedExtractor.extract()仍然可以通过ExtractorComparator和AbstractExtractor类进行访问。我们从查看compare()方法ExtractorComparator:开始分析

 public int compare(T o1, T o2) {
     Comparable a1 = (o1 instanceof InvocableMap.Entry) ? (Comparable)((InvocableMap.Entry)o1).extract(this.m_extractor) 
                                                                                 : (Comparable)this.m_extractor.extract(o1);
           Comparable a2 = (o2 instanceof InvocableMap.Entry) ? (Comparable)((InvocableMap.Entry)o2).extract(this.m_extractor)
                                                                                  : (Comparable)this.m_extractor.extract(o2);
          if (a1 == null)
     {
       return (a2 == null) ? 0 : -1;
     }
          if (a2 == null)
     {
       return 1;
     }
          return a1.compareTo(a2);
   }

如上所示,仍然可以通过设置ChainedExtractor.extract()为this.m_extractor的实例来调用ChainedExtractor。

同样,compare()也可以使用AbstractExtractor抽象类的方法。

 public  int compare(Object o1,Object o2){ return  SafeComparator 。compareSafe(null,extract(o1),extract(o2)); }

MultiExtractor类扩展AbstractExtractor可以到达ChainedExtractor.extract():

 public abstract class AbstractCompositeExtractor   extends AbstractExtractor   [...Truncated...]
   public class MultiExtractor
   extends AbstractCompositeExtractor
   [...Truncated...]
      public Object extract(Object oTarget) {
     if (oTarget == null)
     {
       return null;
     }
          ValueExtractor[] aExtractor = getExtractors();
     int cExtractors = aExtractor.length;
     Object[] aValue = new Object[cExtractors];
          for (int i = 0; i < cExtractors; i++)
     {
       aValue[i] = aExtractor[i].extract(oTarget);<-----------------------
     }
          return new ImmutableArrayList(aValue);
   }

0x02  完整利用链

为了开发一个完整的gadget利用链,我们需要有调用compare()的能力,从方法Comparator到达readObject()。使用的公开记录的方法有PriorityQueue,有如下gadget类:BeanShell1,Jython1,CommonsCollections2,CommonsBeanutils1,CommonsCollections4和Groovy1:

 java.util 。PriorityQueue 。readObject()
   java.util 。PriorityQueue 。heapify()
   java.util 。PriorityQueue 。siftDown()
   java.util 。PriorityQueue 。siftDownUsingComparator()

SiftUpUsingComparator()可以调用compare()任意方法Comparator:

 private void siftUpUsingComparator(int paramInt, E paramE) {
     while (paramInt > 0) {
       int i = paramInt - 1 >>> 1;
       Object object = this.queue[i];
       if (this.comparator.compare(paramE, object) >= 0)<----------------
         break; 
       this.queue[paramInt] = object;
       paramInt = i;
     } 
     this.queue[paramInt] = paramE;
   }

还有其他实现此目的的方法。例如,使用以下方法:

 javax.management 。BadAttributeValueExpException 。readObject()  
   com.tangosol.internal.sleepycat.persist.evolve 。变异。toString()
     java.util.concurrent 。ConcurrentSkipListMap $ SubMap 。尺寸()
     java.util.concurrent 。ConcurrentSkipListMap $ SubMap 。isBeforeEnd()
       java.util.concurrent 。ConcurrentSkipListMap 。cpr()

总而言之,toString()Mutations类的方法可能导致调用ConcurrentSkipListMap.size():

 ConcurrentSkipListMap$SubMap.class
     public int size() {
         Comparator cmp = m.comparator;
         long count = 0;
         for (ConcurrentSkipListMap.Node n = loNode(cmp);
             isBeforeEnd(n, cmp); = Integer.MAX_VALUE ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : (int)count;
         }
   [...Truncated...]
        boolean isBeforeEnd(ConcurrentSkipListMap.Node n, Comparator cmp) {
         ....
         int c = cpr(cmp, k, hi); 0 || (c == 0 && !hiInclusive))
                 return false;
             return true;
         } 
   [...Truncated...]
      static final int cpr(Comparator c, Object x, Object y) {
         return (c != null) ? c.compare(x, y) : ((Comparable)x).compareTo(y); <--------
     }

从ConcurrentSkipListMap.size()中可以调用compare()任意方法Comparator。

0x03  演示漏洞利用

通过使用上述方法,针对ExtractorComparator编译了以下完整的gadget链:

 javax.management.BadAttributeValueExpException.readObject()  
   com.tangosol.internal.sleepycat.persist.evolve.Mutations.toString()
     java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListMap$SubMap.size()
     java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListMap$SubMap.isBeforeEnd()
       java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListMap.cpr()
         com.tangosol.util.comparator.ExtractorComparator.compare()

以下视频演示了此gadget链用于通过T3协议获得RCE。

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HM3Z-I998b4

对于该AbstractExtractor示例,使用了以下链:

 java.util.PriorityQueue.readObject()
   java.util.PriorityQueue.heapify()
   java.util.PriorityQueue.siftDown()
   java.util.PriorityQueue.siftDownUsingComparator()
   com.tangosol.util.extractor.AbstractExtractor.compare()
     com.tangosol.util.extractor.MultiExtractor.extract()
       com.tangosol.util.extractor.ChainedExtractor.extract()
         //...
         Method.invoke()
             //...
           Runtime.exec()

以下视频演示了此gadget链用于通过T3协议获得RCE:

 https://youtu.be/juIucTRZUL8

0x04  通过HTTP利用漏洞

应当注意,此漏洞位于 Coherence 库中。 在其代码路径中具有反序列化路径的任何具有Coherence 库的应用程序也容易受到攻击。一个产品示例是Oracle Business Intelligence,它部署在Oracle WebLogic上。

可以将这些gadget链与 CVE-2020-2950 / ZDI-20-505 结合使用,该工具由GreenDog的研究人员报告给ZDI,以通过HTTP实现远程代码执行。

此漏洞位于BIRemotingServlet中,会侦听TCP端口7780,并且不需要任何身份验证:

      BIRemotingServlet     oracle.bi.nanserver.fwk.servlet.as.BIRemotingServlet     1        BIRemotingServelet     /messagebroker/as/*        BIRemotingServlet     /messagebroker/cs/*

BIRemotingServlet 使用AMF(操作消息格式)与客户端进行通信。

 protected void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest paramHttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse paramHttpServletResponse) 
  throws ServletException, IOException {
  
   [...Truncated...]
              RemotingSvs remotingSvs = BISvsManagerBase.getRemotingSvs(); <----------------------------------------------------
       remotingSvs.processCall(); <--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       setContentType(paramHttpServletResponse, OutputForm.AMF3);
       paramHttpServletResponse.setContentLength(byteArrayOutputStream.size());
       byteArrayOutputStream.writeTo(paramHttpServletResponse.getOutputStream());
       paramHttpServletResponse.flushBuffer();
     }
   public int processCall() throws BISvsException {
    [...Truncated...]
        AMF3Packet aMF3Packet1 = deserializePacket(dataInputStream); <------------------------------------------------------------
       if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
         logger.fine("De-serialized request packet: " + aMF3Packet1.toString());
       }
   [...Truncated...]
   }
   oracle.bi.nanserver.fwk.util.remoting.RemotingSvsImpl.class
    public AMF3Packet deserializePacket(DataInputStream paramDataInputStream) throws BISvsException {
     try {
       AMFObjectInput aMFObjectInput = getAMF3DeSerializer(paramDataInputStream); <------------------------------------------------
       LegacyObjectInput legacyObjectInput = new LegacyObjectInput(paramDataInputStream, aMFObjectInput);
       AMF3Packet aMF3Packet = new AMF3Packet();
       aMF3Packet.deserialize(legacyObjectInput); <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       return aMF3Packet;
     }
     catch (Exception exception) {
       handleException(exception);
              return null;
     } 
   }
   public AMFObjectInput getAMF3DeSerializer(DataInputStream paramDataInputStream) throws BISvsException {
     try {
       Class clazz = (Class)amf3DeSerializerClass.get();
       if (clazz == null) {
         String str = (String)BISvsManagerBase.getContextSvs().getValue("amf3DeSerializer");
                  if (str == null || str.trim().length() == 0) {
           clazz = oracle.bi.nanserver.fwk.util.amf.AMF3ObjectInput.class; <--------------------------------------------------------
           amf3DeSerializerClass.compareAndSet(null, clazz);
           logger.info("Using default AMF3 De-Serializer");
   [...Truncated...]
   }

如图所示,当对AMF数据包进行反序列化时,可以通过调用AMF3ObjectInput来重建任意对象readComplexObject()。

 protected Object readComplexObject(GenericTypeInfo paramGenericTypeInfo) 
   throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException {
     try {
       int i = readAMF3IntegerVal();
       if ((i & true) == 0) {
         return getVisitedObject(i >> 1);
       }
       ClassMetadata classMetadata = readClassMetadata(i);
               String str = this.proxySvs.getConcreteClassName(classMetadata.name);
       if (str == null) {
         str = classMetadata.name;
       }
        //  CVE-2020-2950 patch
       //if (isBlacklisted(str))
       //{
       //  throw new SecurityException("Unsupport class type:" + str);
       //}
              Class clazz = Class.forName(str);
       ClassProxy classProxy = this.proxySvs.getProxy(clazz);
               Object object1 = classProxy.newInstance(clazz);
               int j = this.objectRefList.size();
       markObjectVisited(object1);
               if (classMetadata.externalizable) {
                  if (paramGenericTypeInfo != null) {
           classProxy.readExternal(new GenericResult(object1, paramGenericTypeInfo), this);
         } else {
           classProxy.readExternal(object1, this);
         }
              }
       else if (clazz == oracle.bi.nanserver.fwk.util.remoting.messages.RemotingMessage.class) {
         populateRemotingMessage(object1, classMetadata, classProxy);
       } else {
                  String[] arrayOfString = classMetadata.getFieldNames();
         Object[] arrayOfObject = new Object[arrayOfString.length];
         for (byte b = 0; b < arrayOfString.length; b++) {
           arrayOfObject[b] = readObject();
         }
         this.proxySvs.setFieldValues(object1, arrayOfString, arrayOfObject, classProxy);
                  if (classMetadata.dynamic) {
           while (true) {
             String str1 = readAMF3String();
             if (str1 == null || str1.length() == 0) {
               break;
             }
             Object object = readObject();
             this.proxySvs.setFieldValue(object1, str1, object, classProxy);
           } 
         }
       }

在此示例中,UnicastRef重构了一个对象,从而导致对远程对象的服务器端分布式垃圾回收器的调用,从而使我们能够响应任意的序列化对象。如上所述响应gadget链之一会产生RCE。

有关在Java AMF实现中利用Java反序列化的更多详细信息,请参阅 Code White的 这篇文章。gadget链已添加到 ysoserial中 ,并且使用JRMP侦听器来利用此漏洞。

 https://codewhitesec.blogspot.com/2017/04/amf.html
 https://github.com/frohoff/ysoserial

以下视频演示了这一操作:

 https://www.youtube.com/embed/h1c0sfVZNO8

0x05  分析总结

有关Java反序列化漏洞的更多详细信息,请参阅Moritz Bechler的 白皮书 。Oracle的 博客 没有说明攻击的广泛性,但是其指导很明确:需要立即打补丁。他们还提供有关如何限制Oracle WebLogic Server的T3 / T3S协议流量的指南。Oracle补丁程序的下一个版本计划于2020年7月14日发布,我们将持续关注在该更新之后还剩下多少反序列化漏洞。

 https://github.com/mbechler/marshalsec/blob/master/marshalsec.pdf
 https://blogs.oracle.com/security/apply-april-2020-cpu
原文  http://4hou.win/wordpress/?p=43323
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