目录
最近在学习数据结构和算法的过程中频繁用到了Collections工具类,这是开发中的一把利器,简化了许多涉及集合的编码,该文将通过实例对此工具类进入深入剖析。
是一个包装类。它包含有各种有关集合操作的静态多态方法。此类不能实例化,就像一个工具类,服务于Java的集合框架。
public class Collections { // 默认构造方法私有化,不允许实例化. private Collections() { } ... }
Collections的方法都为静态方法,主要分为以下几类:该文主要对 排序 、 查找/替换 等方法进行解析。
// 反转 public static void reverse(List<?> list) // 随机排序 public static void shuffle(List<?> list) // 按自然排序的升序排序 public static <T> void sort(List<T> list, Comparator<? super T> c) // 交换两个索引位置的元素 public static void swap(List<?> list, int i, int j) // 旋转 public static void rotate(List<?> list, int distance)
// 二分查找 int binarySearch(List<? extends Comparable<? super T>> list, T key) // 根据定制排序,返回最大元素 int max(Collection coll, Comparator c) // 根据定制排序,返回最小元素 int min(Collection coll, Comparator c) // 统计元素出现次数 int frequency(Collection c, Object o),统计元素出现次数 // 统计targe在list中第一次出现的索引 int indexOfSubList(List list, List target) // 用新元素替换旧元素 boolean replaceAll(List list, Object oldVal, Object newVal)
/** * 扑克牌常量定义 * * @author zhuhuix * @date 2020-06-05 */ public class Constant { // 纸牌花色:黑桃,红心,梅花,方块 final static List<String> COLORS = new ArrayList<>( Arrays.asList(new String[]{"♢", "♣", "♡", "♠"})); // 牌面数字 final static List<String> NUMBERS = new ArrayList<>( Arrays.asList(new String[]{"3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "J", "Q", "K", "A", "2"})); // 大王小王 final static List<String> JOKER = new ArrayList<>( Arrays.asList(new String[]{"小王","大王"})); }
在单只牌类的定义中,重写了会影响到牌面大小的compareTo比较方法:
-- 如果是" 王 "的两只牌的比较,则" 大王 "大于" 小王 ";
-- 如果是" 王 "与“ 数字牌 ”之间的比较,则" 王 "大于“ 数字牌 ”;
-- 如果是“ 数字牌 ”相互之间的比较,数字大的牌则牌面大,如果数字相同,则按花色比较(♢<♣< ♡< ♠)(虽然斗地主不按花色排列大小,但程序会按花色大小进行理牌)。
/** * 单只牌 * * @author zhuhuix * @date 2020-06-05 */ public class Card implements Comparable { // 花色 private String color = ""; //数字 private String number = ""; public Card() { } public Card(String color, String number) { this.color = color; this.number = number; } public String getColor() { return this.color; } public void setColor(String color) { this.color = color; } public String getNumber() { return this.number; } public void setNumber(String number) { this.number = number; } @Override public String toString() { return this.color + this.number; } @Override public int compareTo(Object o) { if (o instanceof Card) { int thisColorIndex = Constant.COLORS.indexOf(this.getColor()); int anotherColorIndex = Constant.COLORS.indexOf(((Card) o).getColor()); int thisNumberIndex = Constant.NUMBERS.indexOf(this.getNumber()); int anotherNumberIndex = Constant.NUMBERS.indexOf(((Card) o).getNumber()); // 大小王之间相互比较: 大王大于小王 if ("JOKER".equals(this.color) && "JOKER".equals(((Card) o).getColor())) { return thisColorIndex > anotherColorIndex ? 1 : -1; } // 大小王与数字牌之间相互比较:大小王大于数字牌 if ("JOKER".equals(this.color) && !"JOKER".equals(((Card) o).getColor())) { return 1; } if (!"JOKER".equals(this.color) && "JOKER".equals(((Card) o).getColor())) { return -1; } // 数字牌之间相互比较: 数字不相等,数字大则牌面大;数字相等 ,花色大则牌面大 if (thisNumberIndex == anotherNumberIndex) { return thisColorIndex > anotherColorIndex ? 1 : -1; } else { return thisNumberIndex > anotherNumberIndex ? 1 : -1; } } else { return -1; } } }
/** 1. 玩家 2. * @author zhuhuix 3. @date 2020-06-05 */ public class Player { // 玩家姓名 private String name; // 玩家类型:农民/地主 private String type; // 抓到的牌 private List<Card> cards; public Player(String name, String type) { this.name = name; this.type = type; this.cards = new ArrayList<>(); } // 洗牌 shuffle public void shuffle() { Collections.shuffle(this.cards); } // 理牌 sort public void sort() { Collections.sort(this.cards, Card::compareTo); } // 抓牌 public void draw(Card card) { this.cards.add(card); } // 出牌 public void play(Card card) { this.cards.remove(card); } // 找出最大牌 max public Card max() { return Collections.max(this.cards, Card::compareTo); } // 找出最小牌 min public Card min() { return Collections.min(this.cards, Card::compareTo); } // 找到指定牌的位置 binarySearch public int binarySearch(Card card) { return Collections.binarySearch(this.cards, card, Card::compareTo); } // 统计有几手炸弹 frequency public int frequency() { int count = 0; List<String> numbers= new ArrayList<>(); List<String> colors= new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < this.cards.size(); i++) { colors.add(this.cards.get(i).getColor()); numbers.add(this.cards.get(i).getNumber()); } for (int j = 0; j < Constant.NUMBERS.size(); j++) { if (Collections.frequency(numbers, Constant.NUMBERS.get(j)) == 4) { count++; } } if (Collections.frequency(colors, "JOKER") == 2) { count++; } return count; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getType() { return type; } public void setType(String type) { this.type = type; } public List<Card> getCards() { return cards; } public void setCards(List<Card> cards) { this.cards = cards; } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder poker = new StringBuilder("["); Iterator<Card> iterator = this.cards.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { poker.append(iterator.next().toString() + ","); } poker.setCharAt(poker.length() - 1, ']'); return this.getType() + ":" + this.getName() + "拿到" + this.cards.size() + "张牌:" + poker; }
/** * 斗地主的主程序 * * @author zhuhuix * @date 2020-6-5 */ public class PlayDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { // 生成一副扑克牌 Poker poker = new Poker(); System.out.println("扑克牌共" + poker.getCardCount() + "只"); // 设置三个玩家,并设定两人为农民,一个为地主 int playCount = 3; Player player1 = new Player("玩家1", "农民"); Player player2 = new Player("玩家2", "农民"); Player player3 = new Player("玩家3", "地主"); // 三个玩家按顺序抓牌 int i; for (i = 0; i < poker.getCardCount() - playCount; i++) { if (i % playCount == 0) { player1.draw(poker.getCards().get(i)); } else if (i % playCount == 1) { player2.draw(poker.getCards().get(i)); } else if (i % playCount == 2) { player3.draw(poker.getCards().get(i)); } } // 地主拿剩余底牌 while (i < poker.getCardCount()) { player3.draw(poker.getCards().get(i)); i++; } // 展示三个玩家洗牌后手上的牌面及最大和最小的牌 player1.sort(); System.out.println(player1.toString()); System.out.println("最大牌是:"+player1.max().toString()+",最小牌是:"+player1.min().toString()); player2.sort(); System.out.println(player2.toString()); System.out.println("最大牌是:"+player2.max().toString()+",最小牌是:"+player2.min().toString()); player3.sort(); System.out.println(player3.toString()); System.out.println("最大牌是:"+player3.max().toString()+",最小牌是:"+player3.min().toString()); // 大王是否在地主手里 if (player3.binarySearch(new Card("JOKER","大王"))>=0){ System.out.println("大王在"+player3.getType()+player3.getName()+"手里"); } // 统计有几手炸弹 System.out.println(player1.getName()+"手上有"+player1.frequency()+"手炸弹"); System.out.println(player2.getName()+"手上有"+player2.frequency()+"手炸弹"); System.out.println(player3.getName()+"手上有"+player2.frequency()+"手炸弹"); } }
程序输出如下:
我们对其中的一些方法进行源码跟踪
-- shuffle
public static void shuffle(List<?> list, Random rnd) { int size = list.size(); if (size < SHUFFLE_THRESHOLD || list instanceof RandomAccess) { for (int i=size; i>1; i--) swap(list, i-1, rnd.nextInt(i)); } else { //将集合转化成数组 Object arr[] = list.toArray(); // 通过随机数随机交换数组元素位置 for (int i=size; i>1; i--) swap(arr, i-1, rnd.nextInt(i)); // 通过迭代器将打乱顺序的数组赋值给集合 ListIterator it = list.listIterator(); for (int i=0; i<arr.length; i++) { it.next(); it.set(arr[i]); } } }
public static <T> void sort(List<T> list, Comparator<? super T> c) { list.sort(c); } ... default void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) { Object[] a = this.toArray(); //调用数组工具类的排序方法--该方法为改进过的归并排序 Arrays.sort(a, (Comparator) c); ListIterator<E> i = this.listIterator(); for (Object e : a) { i.next(); i.set((E) e); } }
public static <T> T min(Collection<? extends T> coll, Comparator<? super T> comp) { if (comp==null) return (T)min((Collection) coll); Iterator<? extends T> i = coll.iterator(); T candidate = i.next(); // 通过迭代器循环比较,找到最小的 while (i.hasNext()) { T next = i.next(); if (comp.compare(next, candidate) < 0) candidate = next; } return candidate; } public static <T> T max(Collection<? extends T> coll, Comparator<? super T> comp) { if (comp==null) return (T)max((Collection) coll); Iterator<? extends T> i = coll.iterator(); T candidate = i.next(); // 通过迭代器循环比较,找到最大的 while (i.hasNext()) { T next = i.next(); if (comp.compare(next, candidate) > 0) candidate = next; } return candidate; }
public static <T> int binarySearch(List<? extends T> list, T key, Comparator<? super T> c) { if (c==null) return binarySearch((List<? extends Comparable<? super T>>) list, key); if (list instanceof RandomAccess || list.size()<BINARYSEARCH_THRESHOLD) return Collections.indexedBinarySearch(list, key, c); else return Collections.iteratorBinarySearch(list, key, c); } ... // 二分查找法 private static <T> int iteratorBinarySearch(List<? extends T> l, T key, Comparator<? super T> c) { int low = 0; int high = l.size()-1; ListIterator<? extends T> i = l.listIterator(); while (low <= high) { int mid = (low + high) >>> 1; T midVal = get(i, mid); int cmp = c.compare(midVal, key); if (cmp < 0) low = mid + 1; else if (cmp > 0) high = mid - 1; else return mid; // key found } return -(low + 1); // key not found }