转载

女朋友都能看懂,Spring如何解决循环依赖?

介绍

先说一下什么是循环依赖,Spring在初始化A的时候需要注入B,而初始化B的时候需要注入A,在Spring启动后这2个Bean都要被初始化完成

Spring的循环依赖有两种场景

构造器的循环依赖

属性的循环依赖

构造器的循环依赖,可以在构造函数中使用@Lazy注解延迟加载。在注入依赖时,先注入代理对象,当首次使用时再创建对象完成注入

属性的循环依赖主要是通过3个map来解决的

构造器的循环依赖

@Component

public class ConstructorA {

private ConstructorB constructorB;

@Autowired

public ConstructorA(ConstructorB constructorB) {

this.constructorB = constructorB;

}

}

@Component

public class ConstructorB {

private ConstructorA constructorA;

@Autowired

public ConstructorB(ConstructorA constructorA) {

this.constructorA = constructorA;

}

}

@Configuration

@ComponentScan("com.javashitang.dependency.constructor")

public class ConstructorConfig {

}

public class ConstructorMain {

public static void main(String[] args) {

AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context =

new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ConstructorConfig.class);

System.out.println(context.getBean(ConstructorA.class));

System.out.println(context.getBean(ConstructorB.class));

}

}

运行ConstructorMain的main方法的时候会在第一行就报异常,说明Spring没办法初始化所有的Bean,即上面这种形式的循环依赖Spring无法解决。

我们可以在ConstructorA或者ConstructorB构造函数的参数上加上@Lazy注解就可以解决

@Autowired

public ConstructorB(@Lazy ConstructorA constructorA) {

this.constructorA = constructorA;

}

因为我们主要关注属性的循环依赖,构造器的循环依赖就不做过多分析了

属性的循环依赖

先演示一下什么是属性的循环依赖

@Component

public class FieldA {

@Autowired

private FieldB fieldB;

}

@Component

public class FieldB {

@Autowired

private FieldA fieldA;

}

@Configuration

@ComponentScan("com.javashitang.dependency.field")

public class FieldConfig {

}

public class FieldMain {

public static void main(String[] args) {

AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context =

new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(FieldConfig.class);

// com.javashitang.dependency.field.FieldA@3aa9e816

System.out.println(context.getBean(FieldA.class));

// com.javashitang.dependency.field.FieldB@17d99928

System.out.println(context.getBean(FieldB.class));

}

}

Spring容器正常启动,能获取到FieldA和FieldB这2个Bean

属性的循环依赖在面试中还是经常被问到的。总体来说也不复杂,但是涉及到Spring Bean的初始化过程,所以感觉比较复杂,我写个demo演示一下整个过程

Spring的Bean的初始化过程其实比较复杂,为了方便理解Demo,我就把Spring Bean的初始化过程分为2部分

bean的实例化过程,即调用构造函数将对象创建出来

bean的初始化过程,即填充bean的各种属性

bean初始化过程完毕,则bean就能被正常创建出来了

下面开始写Demo,ObjectFactory接口用来生产Bean,和Spring中定义的接口一样

public interface ObjectFactory {

T getObject();

}

public class DependencyDemo {

// 初始化完毕的Bean

private final Map

new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);

// 正在初始化的Bean对应的工厂,此时对象已经被实例化

private final Map

new HashMap<>(16);

// 存放正在初始化的Bean,对象还没有被实例化之前就放进来了

private final Set singletonsCurrentlyInCreation =

Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16));

public T getBean(Class beanClass) throws Exception {

// 类名为Bean的名字

String beanName = beanClass.getSimpleName();

// 已经初始化好了,或者正在初始化

Object initObj = getSingleton(beanName, true);

if (initObj != null) {

return (T) initObj;

}

// bean正在被初始化

singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.add(beanName);

// 实例化bean

Object object = beanClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();

singletonFactories.put(beanName, () -> {

return object;

});

// 开始初始化bean,即填充属性

Field[] fields = object.getClass().getDeclaredFields();

for (Field field : fields) {

field.setAccessible(true);

// 获取需要注入字段的class

ClassfieldClass = field.getType();

field.set(object, getBean(fieldClass));

}

// 初始化完毕

singletonObjects.put(beanName, object);

singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.remove(beanName);

return (T) object;

}

/**

* allowEarlyReference参数的含义是Spring是否允许循环依赖,默认为true

* 所以当allowEarlyReference设置为false的时候,当项目存在循环依赖,会启动失败

*/

public Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {

Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);

if (singletonObject == null

&& isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {

synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {

if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {

ObjectFactorysingletonFactory =

this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);

if (singletonFactory != null) {

singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();

}

}

}

}

return singletonObject;

}

/**

* 判断bean是否正在被初始化

*/

public boolean isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(String beanName) {

return this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.contains(beanName);

}

}

测试一波

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

DependencyDemo dependencyDemo = new DependencyDemo();

// 假装扫描出来的对象

Class[] classes = {A.class, B.class};

// 假装项目初始化所有bean

for (Class aClass : classes) {

dependencyDemo.getBean(aClass);

}

// true

System.out.println(

dependencyDemo.getBean(B.class).getA() == dependencyDemo.getBean(A.class));

// true

System.out.println(

dependencyDemo.getBean(A.class).getB() == dependencyDemo.getBean(B.class));

}

是不是很简单?我们只用了2个map就搞定了Spring的循环依赖

2个Map就能搞定循环依赖,那为什么Spring要用3个Map呢?

原因其实也很简单,当我们从singletonFactories中根据BeanName获取相应的ObjectFactory,然后调用getObject()这个方法返回对应的Bean。在我们的例子中 ObjectFactory的实现很简单哈,就是将实例化好的对象直接返回,但是在Spring中就没有这么简单了,执行过程比较复杂,为了避免每次拿到ObjectFactory然后调用getObject(),我们直接把ObjectFactory创建的对象缓存起来不就行了,这样就能提高效率了

比如A依赖B和C,B和C又依赖A,如果不做缓存那么初始化B和C都会调用A对应的ObjectFactory的getObject()方法。如果做缓存只需要B或者C调用一次即可。

知道了思路,我们把上面的代码改一波,加个缓存。

public class DependencyDemo {

// 初始化完毕的Bean

private final Map

new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);

// 正在初始化的Bean对应的工厂,此时对象已经被实例化

private final Map

new HashMap<>(16);

// 缓存Bean对应的工厂生产好的Bean

private final Map

new HashMap<>(16);

// 存放正在初始化的Bean,对象还没有被实例化之前就放进来了

private final Set singletonsCurrentlyInCreation =

Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16));

public T getBean(Class beanClass) throws Exception {

// 类名为Bean的名字

String beanName = beanClass.getSimpleName();

// 已经初始化好了,或者正在初始化

Object initObj = getSingleton(beanName, true);

if (initObj != null) {

return (T) initObj;

}

// bean正在被初始化

singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.add(beanName);

// 实例化bean

Object object = beanClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();

singletonFactories.put(beanName, () -> {

return object;

});

// 开始初始化bean,即填充属性

Field[] fields = object.getClass().getDeclaredFields();

for (Field field : fields) {

field.setAccessible(true);

// 获取需要注入字段的class

ClassfieldClass = field.getType();

field.set(object, getBean(fieldClass));

}

singletonObjects.put(beanName, object);

singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.remove(beanName);

earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);

return (T) object;

}

/**

* allowEarlyReference参数的含义是Spring是否允许循环依赖,默认为true

*/

public Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {

Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);

if (singletonObject == null

&& isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {

synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {

singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);

if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {

ObjectFactorysingletonFactory =

this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);

if (singletonFactory != null) {

singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();

this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);

this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);

}

}

}

}

return singletonObject;

}

}

我们写的getSingleton的实现和org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry#getSingleton(java.lang.String, boolean)的实现一模一样,这个方法几乎所有分析Spring循环依赖的文章都会提到,这次你明白工作原理是什么了把

总结一波

拿bean的时候先从singletonObjects(一级缓存)中获取

如果获取不到,并且对象正在创建中,就从earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)中获取

如果还是获取不到就从singletonFactories(三级缓存)中获取,然后将获取到的对象放到earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)中,并且将bean对应的singletonFactories(三级缓存)清除

bean初始化完毕,放到singletonObjects(一级缓存)中,将bean对应的earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)清除

原文  http://developer.51cto.com/art/202006/619370.htm
正文到此结束
Loading...