经过了这么多篇文章,其实大家也肯定知道, Netty
主要是在 OSI
七层网络层的应用层进行数据处理的( 因为 Socket 是出于传输层以上的东西,是应用层与传输层的一个抽象层
)。所以肯定明白 Netty
在协议这方面肯定是能够掌控的。
说到网络协议,相信大家最熟悉的协议也就是 HTTP
协议了。 HTTP
协议是建立在 TCP
传输协议上的应用层协议,属于应用层的面向对象协议。由于简捷,快速的方式,适用于分布式超媒体信息系统。
HTTP
协议主要有如下特点:
HTTP
允许传输任意类型的数据对象,传输内容类型是 HTTP 消息头的 Content-type
加以标记。 HTTP
协议是无状态协议,指的是对于事务处理没有任何记忆能力。缺少记忆能力的后果就是导致后续的处理需要之前的信息,则客户端必须携带重传,这样可能导致每次连接传送的数据亮增大。另一方面,在服务器不需要先前信息时它的应答较快,负载较轻。
知道完特点后,我再简单介绍一下 HTTP
的数据构成,这样有助于我们理解下面的内容。
由于这次搭建的是 Http 服务器,那说明我们可以通过浏览器作为客户端来进行访问服务端了,也就是我们不需要去写客户端代码。
首先编写的是服务端 HttpFileServer.java
public class HttpFileServer { //项目访问上下文 private static final String DEFAULT_URL = "/httpProject"; public void run(final int port, final String url) { EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { //http 解码 ch.pipeline().addLast("http-decoder", new HttpRequestDecoder()); //http 接收编码 ch.pipeline().addLast("http-aggregator", new HttpObjectAggregator(65536)); //http 编码工具类 ch.pipeline().addLast("http-encoder", new HttpResponseEncoder()); //chunked 操作 ch.pipeline().addLast("http-chunked", new ChunkedWriteHandler()); //文件系统业务逻辑 ch.pipeline().addLast("fileServerHandler", new HttpFileServerHander(url)); } }); ChannelFuture f = serverBootstrap.bind("127.0.0.1", port).sync(); f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new HttpFileServer().run(8080, DEFAULT_URL); } } 复制代码
注意到这次的服务端代码在 ChannelInitializer
的初始化跟以往有点不同,这次上初始了多个 handler。下面我简单说下它们的用法。
类名 | 说明 |
---|---|
HttpRequestDecoder | 负责将 ByteBuf 解码成为 HttpRequest 和 HttpContent 内容 |
HttpObjectAggregator | 负责将 Http 信息和内容封装成为单个 FullHttpRequest |
HttpResponseEncoder | 对服务端返回的内容进行编码 |
ChunkedWriteHandler | 支持异步大数据量写入避免内存超出 |
然后我们开始写 HttpFileServerHander.java
public class HttpFileServerHander extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<FullHttpRequest> { private String url; public HttpFileServerHander(String url) { this.url = url; } @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) throws Exception { //由于我们上面使用 netty 的解码器 FullHttpRequest 来封装信息 if (!request.getDecoderResult().isSuccess()) { sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST); return; } //如果不是 get 方法则抛弃 if (request.getMethod() != HttpMethod.GET) { sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST); return; } //获取访问的路径 final String uri = request.getUri(); //解码路径 final String path = sanitizeUri(uri); //如果路径为空,说明错误请求 if (path == null) { sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST); return; } //新建文件对象 File file = new File(path); //如果不在,返回 404 if (file.isHidden() || !file.exists()) { sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.NOT_FOUND); return; } //如果是目录就循环目录内容返回 if (file.isDirectory()) { if (uri.endsWith("/")) { sendListing(ctx, file); } else { sendRedirect(ctx, uri + '/'); } return; } //如果是文件就 if (!file.isFile()) { sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST); return; } //具备权限访问的文件 RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = null; try { randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r"); }catch (FileNotFoundException e) { sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST); return; } long fileLength = randomAccessFile.length(); //新建一个 DefaultFullHttpResponse HttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK); //设置文件长度 HttpHeaders.setContentLength(response, fileLength); setContentTypeHeader(response, file); if (HttpHeaders.isKeepAlive(request)) { response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaders.Values.KEEP_ALIVE); } //ctx写入 response ctx.write(response); //设置写入文件的 listener ChannelFuture sendFileFuture; sendFileFuture = ctx.write(new ChunkedFile(randomAccessFile, 0, fileLength, 8192), ctx.newProgressivePromise()); //设置监听仅需的的 Listener sendFileFuture.addListener(new ChannelProgressiveFutureListener() { @Override public void operationProgressed(ChannelProgressiveFuture future, long progress, long total) throws Exception { if (total < 0) { // total unknown System.err.println("Transfer progress: " + progress); } else { System.err.println("Transfer progress: " + progress + " / " + total); } } @Override public void operationComplete(ChannelProgressiveFuture future) throws Exception { System.out.println("Transfer complete."); } }); //最后输出空内容 ChannelFuture lastContentFuture = ctx.writeAndFlush(LastHttpContent.EMPTY_LAST_CONTENT); if (HttpHeaders.isKeepAlive(request)) { lastContentFuture.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } } private static final Pattern INSECURE_URI = Pattern.compile(".*[<>&/"].*"); //解析 url private String sanitizeUri(String uri) { try { uri = URLDecoder.decode(uri, "UTF-8"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { try { uri = URLDecoder.decode(uri, "ISO-8859-1"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { throw new Error(); } } if (!uri.startsWith(url)) { return null; } if (!uri.startsWith("/")) { return null; } uri = uri.replace('/', File.separatorChar); if (uri.contains(File.separator + '.') || uri.contains('.' + File.separator) || uri.startsWith(".") || uri.endsWith(".") || INSECURE_URI.matcher(uri).matches()) { return null; } return System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + uri; } private static final Pattern ALLOWED_FILE_NAME = Pattern.compile("[A-Za-z0-9][-_A-Za-z0-9//.]*"); //渲染画面 private static void sendListing(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, File dir) { FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK); response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/html; charset=UTF-8"); StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(); String dirPath = dir.getPath(); buf.append("<!DOCTYPE html>/r/n"); buf.append("<html><head><title>"); buf.append(dirPath); buf.append(" 目录:"); buf.append("</title></head><body>/r/n"); buf.append("<h3>"); buf.append(dirPath).append(" 目录:"); buf.append("</h3>/r/n"); buf.append("<ul>"); buf.append("<li>链接:<a href=/"..//">..</a></li>/r/n"); for (File f : dir.listFiles()) { if (f.isHidden() || !f.canRead()) { continue; } String name = f.getName(); if (!ALLOWED_FILE_NAME.matcher(name).matches()) { continue; } buf.append("<li>链接:<a href=/""); buf.append(name); buf.append("/">"); buf.append(name); buf.append("</a></li>/r/n"); } buf.append("</ul></body></html>/r/n"); ByteBuf buffer = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(buf, CharsetUtil.UTF_8); response.content().writeBytes(buffer); buffer.release(); ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } //重定向 private static void sendRedirect(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String newUri) { FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.NOT_FOUND); response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.LOCATION, newUri); ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } //发送错误信息 private static void sendError(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpResponseStatus status) { FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, status, Unpooled.copiedBuffer("failures: " + status.toString() + "/r/n", CharsetUtil.UTF_8)); response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain; charset=UTF-8"); ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } //设置头部内容 private static void setContentTypeHeader(HttpResponse response, File file) { MimetypesFileTypeMap mimeTypesMap = new MimetypesFileTypeMap(); response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, mimeTypesMap.getContentType(file.getPath())); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { cause.printStackTrace(); if (ctx.channel().isActive()) { sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR); } } } 复制代码
客户端在这个例子中并不存在。因为我们电脑的浏览器就是一个一个客户端,它们底层也是通过 Socket
来与服务端进行交互的,原理都是一样的。所以我们只需要访问以下地址:
http://localhost:8080/httpProject