spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="userService" class="com.xxxx.service.UserService"></bean> </beans>复制代码
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");复制代码
ApplicationContext ac = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("C:/IdeaWorkspace/spring01/src/main/resources/spring.xml"); 复制代码
Spring 框架启动时可以加载多个配置文件到环境中。对于比较复杂的项目,可能对应的配置文件有多个,项目在启动部署时会将多个配置文件同时加载进来。
service.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="userService" class="com.xxxx.service.UserService"></bean> </beans>复制代码
dao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="userDao" class="com.xxxx.dao.UserDao"></bean> </beans>复制代码
// 同时加载多个资源文件 ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml","dao.xml");复制代码
spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--导入需要包含的资源文件--> <import resource="service.xml"/> <import resource="dao.xml"/> </beans>复制代码
加载时只需加载总的配置文件即可
// 加载总的资源文件 ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");复制代码
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设置配置文件 spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="userService" class="com.xxxx.service.UserService"></bean> </beans>复制代码
获取实例化对象
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml"); UserService userService = (UserService) ac.getBean("userService"); userService.test();复制代码
注:
定义静态工厂类
package com.xxxx.factory; import com.xxxx.service.UserService; /** * 定义静态工厂类 */ public class StaticFactory { /** * 定义对应的静态方法,返回实例化对象 * @return */ public static UserService createUserService() { return new UserService(); } } 复制代码
设置配置文件 spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--静态工厂--> <bean id="userService" class="com.xxxx.factory.StaticFactory" factory-method="createUserService"></bean> </beans>复制代码
获取实例化对象
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml"); UserService userService = (UserService) ac.getBean("userService"); userService.test();复制代码
当我们指定Spring使用静态工厂方法来创建Bean实例时,Spring将先解析配置文件,并根据配置文件指定的信息, 通过反射调用静态工厂类的静态工厂方法,并将该静态工厂方法的返回值作为Bean实例 ,在这个过程中,Spring不再负责创建Bean实例, Bean实例是由用户提供的静态工厂方法提供 的。
注:
定义工厂类
package com.xxxx.factory; import com.xxxx.service.UserService; /** * 定义工厂类 */ public class InstanceFactory { /** * 定义方法,返回实例化对象 * @return */ public UserService createUserService() { return new UserService(); } }复制代码
设置配置文件 spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!-- 实例化工厂 1.定义实例化工厂bean 2.引用工厂bean 指定工厂创建方法(方法为非静态) --> <bean id="instanceFactory" class="com.xxxx.factory.InstanceFactory"></bean> <bean id="userService" factory-bean="instanceFactory" factory-method="createUserService"></bean> </beans>复制代码
获取实例化对象
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml"); UserService userService = (UserService) ac.getBean("userService"); userService.test();复制代码
开发中项目一般使用一种方式实例化bean,项目开发基本采用第一种方式,交给Spring托管,使用时直接拿来使用即可。另外两种了解
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