Java自动化测试(Maven 8)

Maven作用

• Maven主要作用是使用它来导入第三方jar包

• 管理项目

下载Maven

下载地址：http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi

• Binary：编译之后的二进制文件；

• Source：表示可以查看源代码的，比Binary大一点；

• tar.gz archive：Linux、macOS系统使用；

• zip archive：windows系统使用；

修改配置

打开 ./apache-maven-3.6.3/conf/settings.xml

修改mirrors

<mirrors>
    <!-- mirror
     | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
     | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
     | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
     |
     -->
    <mirror>
      <id>nexus-aliyun</id>
      <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
      <name>Nexus aliyun</name>
      <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/central</url>
    </mirror>
  </mirrors>

修改本地存储路径localRepository

<localRepository>/Users/zhongxin/maven_download</localRepository>

设置环境变量

将解压后的文件夹移动到 /usr/local/apache-maven-3.6.3

$ vi ~/.bash_profile
进入文件后添加下面两行
export MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.6.3
export PATH=$PATH:$MAVEN_HOME/bin
添加后保存
$ source ~/.bash_profile

测试

IDEA中配置

新建Maven项目

选择新建Maven项目

选择存放路径

查看项目结构

新建存放非代码的文件夹resources

添加第三方包的方法

第三方包仓库https://mvnrepository.com/

以解析json的第三方库 fastjson 为例

1. 进入 mvnrepository 搜索想要使用的第三方包

2. 找到需要使用的版本

3. 拷贝xml内容

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.72</version>
</dependency>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>learn_java_maven</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.72</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

fastjson

fastjson工具类，静态方法

静态方法不需要创建对象，直接用 类名点 调用

导入

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

json字符串转成java对象

0. 待转化json

{"name": "张三","age": 18,"source": 100}

1. 定义一个Student类来接收

package com.zhongxin.json;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private int score;

    public Student(String name, int age, int score) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.score = score;
    }

    public Student() {
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '/'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", score=" + score +
                '}';
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(int score) {
        this.score = score;
    }
}

2. 转化主函数

package com.zhongxin.json;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

public class Json {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String json = "{/"name/": /"张三/",/"age/": 18,/"source/": 100}";
        Student s = JSONObject.parseObject(json, Student.class);
        System.out.println(s);

    }
}

3. 输出：Student{name='张三', age=18, score=0}

运行提示

在 pom.xml 中添加如下内容：

<properties>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <!-- 文件拷贝时的编码 -->
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <!-- 编译时的编码 -->
    <maven.compiler.encoding>UTF-8</maven.compiler.encoding>
    <aspectj.version>1.9.2</aspectj.version>
</properties>

java对象转化为json字符串

Student s2 = new Student("李四", 20, 90);
String json2 = JSONObject.toJSONString(s2);
System.out.println(json2);

输出{"age":20,"name":"李四","score":90}

json字符串转Map

Map<String, Object> map = JSONObject.parseObject(json, Map.class);
System.out.println(map);

输出{name=张三, source=100, age=18}

map转json字符串

String json3 = JSONObject.toJSONString(map);
System.out.println(json3);

输出{"name":"张三","source":100,"age":18}

json数组字符串转java对象

待转化：[{"name": "张三","age": 18},{"name": "李四","age": 16}]

定义 Teacher 类

package com.zhongxin.json;

public class Teacher {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Teacher() {
    }

    public Teacher(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher{" +
                "name='" + name + '/'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

转化

package com.zhongxin.json;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

import java.util.List;

public class Json2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String json = "[{/"name/": /"张三/",/"age/": 18},{/"name/": /"李四/",/"age/": 16}]";

        List<Teacher> list = JSONObject.parseArray(json, Teacher.class);
        for (Teacher t : list) {
            System.out.println(t);
        }

    }
}

输出内容：

Teacher{name='张三', age=18}

Teacher{name='李四', age=16}

Properties

使用Properties一般不使用Map接口的方法

Properties没有泛型，默认String

先要修改文件编码

新建一个 config.properties 文件 ../learn_java_maven/src/test/resources/config.properties

写入配置文件

package com.zhongxin.properties;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class PropDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.setProperty("USERNAME", "张三");
        prop.setProperty("PASSWORD", "123456");
        System.out.println(prop.getProperty("USERNAME"));
        System.out.println(prop.getProperty("PASSWORD"));
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("src/test/resources/config.properties");
        prop.save(fos, "注释");
        fos.close();
    }
}

查看 config.properties 文件

#注释
#Sat Jul 18 10:05:03 CST 2020
USERNAME=张三
PASSWORD=123456

读取配置文件

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("src/test/resources/config.properties");
prop.load(fis);
System.out.println(prop);

输出：{USERNAME=张三, PASSWORD=123456}

异常捕获

1. throws

2. try

throws

往外抛出异常

try

可以进行异常捕获

try{
  // 可能异常的代码
}catch(Exception e){
  // 捕获异常，出现异常的解决方案
}finally{
  // 释放资源
  // 无论是否异常，一定会执行的代码
}