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Linux Centos7 安装Docker环境

一、Docker介绍

Docker是一个开源的容器引擎，基于Go语言开发，同时基于Apache2.0协议开发。

对Docker简单的理解就是使用Docker可以把一台服务器隔离成一个个独立的容器，我们可以把这地方描述的容器理解成一个沙盒。在每个容器中运行一个程序，不同的容器之间相互隔离，容器的创建，停止，以及启动基本都是秒为单位，而且容器对资源的需求也是非常有限的，比起虚拟化的技术而言，可以节约很多的资源成本。在DevOps技术栈体系和可持续交付中占据了重要的位置。

二、环境准备

Docker支持以下的CentOS版本，目前，CentOS 仅发行版本中的内核支持 Docker。

Docker 运行在 CentOS 7 (64-bit)上，要求系统为64位、系统内核版本为 3.10 以上。
Docker 运行在 CentOS-6.5 或更高的版本的 CentOS 上，要求系统为64位、系统内核版本为 2.6.32-431 或者更高版本。

查看系统的版本，输入命令：

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

查看系统内核版本，输入命令：

[root@centos7 ~]# uname -a
Linux centos7 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Oct 19 16:18:59 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

查看后满足docker的环境要求CentOS7.4+系统内核版本为 3.10 以上，就可以接下来的安装操作了

三、Docker安装

1、安装系统依赖工具

[root@centos7 ~]# sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

2、yum的配置管理，添加docker的软件源地址

[root@centos7 ~]# sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

3、更新yum缓存

[root@centos7 ~]# sudo yum makecache fast
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
mysql-connectors-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
mysql-tools-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
mysql57-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/updateinfo | 55 B 00:00:00
(2/2): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db | 117 kB 00:00:00
元数据缓存已建立

4、查看所有仓库中所有docker版本

[root@centos7 ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
可安装的软件包
 * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
docker-ce.x86_64 3:24.0.6-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:24.0.5-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:24.0.4-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:24.0.3-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:24.0.2-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:24.0.1-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:24.0.0-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:23.0.6-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:23.0.5-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:23.0.4-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:23.0.3-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:23.0.2-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:23.0.1-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:23.0.0-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.9-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.8-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.7-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.6-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.5-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.4-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.24-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.2-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.23-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.22-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.21-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.20-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.19-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.18-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.17-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.16-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.15-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.14-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.13-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.12-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.11-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.10-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.9-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.8-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.7-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.6-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.5-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.4-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.2-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.15-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.14-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.13-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.12-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.11-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.10-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.9-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.8-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.7-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.6-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.5-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.4-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.2-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.3.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.2.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.1.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.0.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.3.ce-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
 * base: mirrors.163.com

5、指定安装Docker某版本

[root@centos7 ~]# sudo yum install docker-ce-17.12.1.ce
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 docker-ce.x86_64.0.17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 container-selinux >= 2.9，它被软件包 docker-ce-17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 container-selinux.noarch.2.2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
 
依赖关系解决
 
================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
 docker-ce x86_64 17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable 30 M
为依赖而安装:
 container-selinux noarch 2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8 extras 40 k
 
事务概要
================================================================================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)
 
总下载量：30 M
安装大小：30 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/2): container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch.rpm | 40 kB 00:00:01
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce-stable/packages/docker-ce-17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID 621e9f35: NOKEY==============-] 2.7 MB/s | 30 MB 00:00:00 ETA
docker-ce-17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(2/2): docker-ce-17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 30 MB 00:00:12
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 2.5 MB/s | 30 MB 00:00:12
从 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x621E9F35:
 用户ID : "Docker Release (CE rpm) <docker@docker.com>"
 指纹 : 060a 61c5 1b55 8a7f 742b 77aa c52f eb6b 621e 9f35
 来自 : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
是否继续？[y/N]：y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 正在安装 : 2:container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch 1/2
 正在安装 : docker-ce-17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2
 验证中 : docker-ce-17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64 1/2
 验证中 : 2:container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch 2/2
 
已安装:
 docker-ce.x86_64 0:17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos
 
作为依赖被安装:
 container-selinux.noarch 2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8
 
完毕！

6、启动Docker服务

[root@centos7 ~]# sudo systemctl start docker

7、开机启动Docker

[root@centos7 ~]# sudo systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

8、查看Docker状态

[root@centos7 ~]# sudo systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 Active: active (running) since 日 2023-10-08 21:30:52 CST; 3min 2s ago
 Docs: https://docs.docker.com
 Main PID: 2538 (dockerd)
 Tasks: 21
 Memory: 88.0M
 CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
 ├─2538 /usr/bin/dockerd
 └─2547 docker-containerd --config /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml
 
10月 08 21:30:52 centos7 dockerd[2538]: time="2023-10-08T21:30:52+08:00" level=info msg=serving... address="/var/run/docker/containerd/docker-containerd.sock" module="containerd/grpc"
10月 08 21:30:52 centos7 dockerd[2538]: time="2023-10-08T21:30:52+08:00" level=info msg="containerd successfully booted in 0.028029s" module=containerd
10月 08 21:30:52 centos7 dockerd[2538]: time="2023-10-08T21:30:52.407148219+08:00" level=info msg="Graph migration to content-addressability took 0.00 seconds"
10月 08 21:30:52 centos7 dockerd[2538]: time="2023-10-08T21:30:52.421387627+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
10月 08 21:30:52 centos7 dockerd[2538]: time="2023-10-08T21:30:52.661114599+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip ...ed IP address"
10月 08 21:30:52 centos7 dockerd[2538]: time="2023-10-08T21:30:52.768798625+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
10月 08 21:30:52 centos7 dockerd[2538]: time="2023-10-08T21:30:52.840502391+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=7390fc6 graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=17.12.1-ce
10月 08 21:30:52 centos7 dockerd[2538]: time="2023-10-08T21:30:52.841307781+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
10月 08 21:30:52 centos7 systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
10月 08 21:30:52 centos7 dockerd[2538]: time="2023-10-08T21:30:52.870031396+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

9、查看Docker信息，显示Docker的版本等

[root@centos7 ~]# docker info
Containers: 0
 Running: 0
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 17.12.1-ce
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: xfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 9b55aab90508bd389d7654c4baf173a981477d55
runc version: 9f9c96235cc97674e935002fc3d78361b696a69e
init version: 949e6fa
Security Options:
 seccomp
 Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 972.4MiB
Name: centos7
ID: 2Z5M:U4MM:M6Q4:WY7C:L2Z6:EF4K:RZN4:OGY4:KVBV:E2WY:6TFA:DBBL
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false

正文到此结束