史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序

1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--> <servlet>     <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>     <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>     <init-param>      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>      <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>  </init-param>  <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --> </servlet> <servlet-mapping>     <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>     <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> 

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">       <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->  <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>  <!-- don't handle the static resource -->  <mvc:default-servlet-handler />  <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->  <mvc:annotation-driven />  <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"     id="internalResourceViewResolver">   <!-- 前缀 -->   <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />   <!-- 后缀 -->   <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />  </bean> </beans> 

4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

6.编写Controller代码

@Controller @RequestMapping("/mvc") public class mvcController {      @RequestMapping("/hello")     public String hello(){                 return "hello";     } }

7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

二、配置解析

1.Dispatcherservlet

DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

2.InternalResourceViewResolver

视图名称解析器

3.以上出现的注解

@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

三、SpringMVC常用注解

@Controller

负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping

注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

@RequestBody

该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

@ResponseBody

该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区

@ModelAttribute

在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中

@RequestParam

在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

@PathVariable

绑定 URL 占位符到入参

@ExceptionHandler

注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法

@ControllerAdvice

使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

四、自动匹配参数

//match automatically     @RequestMapping("/person")     public String toPerson(String name,double age){         System.out.println(name+" "+age);         return "hello";     }

五、自动装箱

1.编写一个Person实体类

package test.SpringMVC.model; public class Person {  public String getName() {   return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {   this.name = name;  }  public int getAge() {   return age;  }  public void setAge(int age) {   this.age = age;  }  private String name;  private int age; } 

2.在Controller里编写方法

//boxing automatically     @RequestMapping("/person1")     public String toPerson(Person p){         System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());         return "hello";     }

六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

//the parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping("/date") public String date(Date date){  System.out.println(date);  return "hello"; } //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){  binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),    true)); } 

七、向前台传递参数

//pass the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping("/show") public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){  Person p =new Person();  map.put("p", p);  p.setAge(20);  p.setName("jayjay");  return "show"; } 

前台可在Request域中取到”p”

八、使用Ajax调用

//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax     @RequestMapping("/getPerson")     public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){         pw.write("hello,"+name);             }     @RequestMapping("/name")     public String sayHello(){         return "name";     }

前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

$(function(){               $("#btn").click(function(){                   $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){                       alert(data);                   });               });           });

九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

//redirect      @RequestMapping("/redirect")     public String redirect(){         return "redirect:hello";     }

十、文件上传

1.需要导入两个jar包

2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

<!-- upload settings -->     <bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">         <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>     </bean>

3.方法代码

@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{     MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;     MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");     String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();     SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");      FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+      "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));     fos.write(file.getBytes());     fos.flush();     fos.close();     return "hello"; } 

4.前台form表单

<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">           <input type="file" name="file"><br>           <input type="submit" value="submit">       </form>

十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

@Controller @RequestMapping("/test") public class mvcController1 {     @RequestMapping(value="/param")     public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,             @RequestParam(value="name")String name){         System.out.println(id+" "+name);         return "/hello";     }     }

十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

1.RestController

@Controller @RequestMapping("/rest") public class RestController {  @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)  public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){   System.out.println("get"+id);   return "/hello";  }  @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)  public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){   System.out.println("post"+id);   return "/hello";  }  @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)  public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){   System.out.println("put"+id);   return "/hello";  }  @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)  public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){   System.out.println("delete"+id);   return "/hello";  } } 

2.form表单发送put和delete请求

在web.xml中配置

<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> <filter>  <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping>  <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> 

在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">  <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">  <input type="submit" value="put"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">  <input type="submit" value="post"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">  <input type="submit" value="get"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">  <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">  <input type="submit" value="delete"> </form> 

十三、返回json格式的字符串

1.导入以下jar包

2.方法代码

@Controller @RequestMapping("/json") public class jsonController {  @ResponseBody  @RequestMapping("/user")  public  User get(){   User u = new User();   u.setId(1);   u.setName("jayjay");   u.setBirth(new Date());   return u;  } } 

十四、异常的处理

1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

@ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){  ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");  mv.addObject("exception", ex);  System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");  return mv; } @RequestMapping("/error") public String error(){  int i = 5/0;  return "hello"; } 

2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）

@ControllerAdvice public class testControllerAdvice {  @ExceptionHandler  public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){   ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");   mv.addObject("exception", ex);   System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");   return mv;  } } 

3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">         <property name="exceptionMappings">             <props>                 <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>             </props>         </property>     </bean>

error是出错页面

十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {     @Override     public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,      HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)      throws Exception {  System.out.println("afterCompletion");     }     @Override     public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,      Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {  System.out.println("postHandle");     }     @Override     public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,      Object arg2) throws Exception {  System.out.println("preHandle");  return true;     } } 

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

<!-- interceptor setting -->     <mvc:interceptors>         <mvc:interceptor>             <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>             <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>         </mvc:interceptor>             </mvc:interceptors>

3.拦截器执行顺序

十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化

1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

public class User {  public int getId() {   return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {   this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {   return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {   this.name = name;  }  public Date getBirth() {   return birth;  }  public void setBirth(Date birth) {   this.birth = birth;  }  @Override  public String toString() {   return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";  }   private int id;  @NotEmpty  private String name;  @Past  @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")  private Date birth; } 

ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">         id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>         name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>         birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>         <input type="submit" value="submit">     </form:form>

ps:path对应name

4.Controller中代码

@Controller @RequestMapping("/form") public class formController {  @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)   public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){   if(br.getErrorCount()>0){       return "addUser";   }   return "showUser";  }  @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)  public String add(Map<String,Object> map){   map.put("user",new User());   return "addUser";  } } 

ps:

1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个”user”.

2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显

5.错误信息自定义

在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<!-- configure the locale resource -->     <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">         <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>     </bean>

6.国际化显示

在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号 password=密码

locale.properties中添加

username=user name password=password

创建一个locale.jsp

<body>     <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>     <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>   </body>

在SpringMVC中配置

<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->     <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

十七、压轴大戏–整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类

2.User实体类

public class User {  public int getId() {   return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {   this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {   return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {   this.name = name;  }  public Date getBirth() {   return birth;  }  public void setBirth(Date birth) {   this.birth = birth;  }  @Override  public String toString() {   return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";  }   private int id;  @NotEmpty  private String name;  @Past  @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")  private Date birth; } 

3.UserService类

@Component public class UserService {  public UserService(){   System.out.println("UserService Constructor.../n/n/n/n/n/n");  }  public void save(){   System.out.println("save");  } } 

4.UserController

@Controller @RequestMapping("/integrate") public class UserController {  @Autowired  private UserService userService;  @RequestMapping("/user")  public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){   System.out.println(u);   userService.save();   return "hello";  } } 

5.Spring配置文件

在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd   "   xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"   xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    >  <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">   <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"     expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>   <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"     expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>    </context:component-scan> </beans> 

在Web.xml中添加配置

<!-- configure the springIOC -->   <listener>       <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>   </listener>   <context-param>       <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>       <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>   </context-param>

6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->     <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">         <context:include-filter type="annotation"              expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>         <context:include-filter type="annotation"              expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>     </context:component-scan>

十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别